Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: HUMANGGP:012675 (S100)
 6,012 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a pediatric case of necrotizing CMV myelitis after perinatal HIV infection characteristic cytomegalic cells, which could not be attached to a particular cell line by cell morphology, were studied after immunostaining with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies raised against GFAP, S100 protein, NSE, synaptophysin, factor VIII, vimentin, macrophages, leukocytes, CMV, HSV I + II, toxoplasma, and HIV 1 gp41. Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neurons, ependymal and endothelial cells, macrophages, and Schwann cells stained positively with CMV antiserum. With regard to their immunological features the majority of cytomegalic cells ("owl eye cells") was identified as astrocytes, and in decreasing frequency, the remainder was characterized as macrophages, mesenchymal, and endothelial cells. It is concluded that CMV giant cells represent one phase of virus induced cell transformation, not only one single, but numerous cell types are exposed to after CMV infection.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical characterization of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infected giant cells in perinatal acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. 131 23

We report herein the clinical and pathological features of 20 patients with central neurocytomas. Investigations for various differentiation antigens and cell type-specific markers were performed by immunohistochemistry using paraffin-embedded tissue. In addition, the expression of L1 adhesion molecule and of the various N.CAM (neural cell adhesion molecule) isoforms were investigated by immunoblotting studies in two frozen specimens. Central neurocytomas are clinically characterized by their intraventricular localization, occurrence in young adults, and good prognosis. It rarely occurs in patients over 50, but such cases have a poor prognosis. Total surgical excision is the best treatment. Radiotherapy is appropriate if surgery is incomplete or contraindicated. Histologically, central neurocytomas display the following features: an oligo-like pattern, usually associated with large fibrillary rosettes or perivascular arrangement, and a rich endocrine-type vasculature. Central neurocytomas have a remarkably homogeneous antigenic profile. GFAP expression is only found in scattered reactive astrocytes, S100 protein in reactive astrocytes and rare tumor cells. Among the pan-neuroendocrine markers, central neurocytomas always express neuron-specific enolase; they frequently express synaptophysin but never chromogranin A. Synaptophysin is the most reliable immunohistological marker for central neurocytomas; however, immunoreactivity could be lost with long formalin fixation. In these cases, electron microscopy is used to support the neuronal nature of the tumor cells. The expression of L1 adhesion molecule and the isoform 180 of N.CAM, indicates that central neurocytomas are formed by cells committed to neuronal phenotype. Nevertheless, advanced neuronal differentiation may be absent, as suggested by the persistence of embryonic N.CAM, the nonexpression of neurofilament proteins, and the absence of mature synapses in numerous cases. Central neurocytomas and neuroblastomas share some biochemical properties, but their respective clinicopathological features and biological behavior are dramatically different.
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PMID:Central neurocytomas. Critical evaluation of a small-cell neuronal tumor. 137 Jul 56

The innervation and neuropeptide expression of fetal and infant human esophagus were studied. Esophageal samples (n = 30) from 8 weeks' gestation to 28 months of age were immunostained using antisera to general and specific neuronal antigens, and the results were quantified using computer-assisted image analysis. Nerve protein (protein gene peptide 9.5 and synaptophysin) and glial cell protein (S100) immunoreactivities were present by 8 weeks' gestation in primitive cell bodies and fibers in the outer layers of the esophagus. Immunoreactivity for peptides was first detected in fibers at 11 weeks' gestation in myenteric plexus and at 13 weeks' gestation in muscle. Peptide-immunoreactive cell bodies were not seen until 13-15 weeks. A pattern of immunoreactivity for neuropeptides comparable with that seen in mature neonates and infants was present by 22 weeks of gestational age. The percentage area of protein gene peptide 9.5-immunoreactive and vasoactive intestinal peptide-immunoreactive nerve fibers increased from low levels to 3.68% and 0.27%, respectively, at 13 weeks and peaked at 18 weeks (10.50% and 4.74%). These findings provide a foundation for future research into the contribution of neuropeptides to pediatric esophageal dysmotility.
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PMID:The ontogeny and distribution of neuropeptides in the human fetal and infant esophagus. 137 87

All definite cases of oncogenic osteomalacia have, until now, been classified as mesenchymal tumours. We report here a case of oncogenic osteomalacia caused by a spinal tumour. Microscopically, it resembled the mixed connective tissue variant of previously described phosphaturic tumours. Immunohistochemical studies, however, showed the tumour cells to be positive for low molecular weight cytokeratin (CAM 5.2), S100 protein, PGP 9.5, and synaptophysin. Electron microscopy demonstrated neurosecretory granules. The histopathological findings strongly suggest that this is a neuroendocrine tumour.
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PMID:A neuroendocrine cause of oncogenic osteomalacia. 137 90

We analyzed 46 gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) using a panel of antibodies to determine the frequency of smooth muscle differentiation and the relationship of immunophenotype to histopathologic features and clinical behavior. Thirty-six GISTs were classified as benign or malignant based exclusively on clinical behavior; a 2-year minimum follow-up was required for benign lesions. GISTs were immunopositive in the following categories: vimentin 45 of 46, desmin nine of 45, muscle-specific actin (MSA) 36 of 46, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) 34 of 46, chicken gizzard actin-7 zero of 38, cytokeratin two of 46, S100 protein six of 46, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) zero of 46, synaptophysin zero of 46, and chromogranin one of 46. At least one muscle marker was positive in 39 of 46 tumors. Five GISTs were MSA positive/SMA negative, and three were MSA negative/SMA positive. All desmin-positive cases reacted with MSA or SMA. Eight GISTs were positive for vimentin, MSA, SMA, and desmin, whereas seven were vimentin positive only. Compared with the latter, the former tended to be smaller, less often necrotic, and clinically benign (p less than 0.05 for each). All vimentin-positive only GISTs were malignant. Immunohistochemical features did not correlate with tumor site, cellularity, nuclear pleomorphism, or mitotic rate. Benign GISTs were less cellular than were malignant GISTs (p less than 0.05), but they did not differ statistically in degree of nuclear pleomorphism, necrosis, mitotic rate, or size. We conclude that (a) 85% of GISTs react with at least one muscle antibody; (b) immunohistochemical features are unrelated to anatomic site; (c) SMA is, in effect, as sensitive as MSA, whereas desmin is less sensitive; and (d) simultaneous vimentin, MSA, SMA, and desmin positivity correlates with a benign outcome.
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PMID:Muscle differentiation and clinicopathologic features of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. 141 3

By 8 wk gestation, the human fetal oesophagus is identifiable as a hollow epithelium-lined tube with primitive nerve and muscle precursors present. From 8-16 wk gestation, the muscle layers and innervation mature until fetal swallowing commences at 16 wk. This study examines quantitatively the development and maturation of nerve fibres and cell bodies within the oesophagus using histochemistry. Oesophageal samples (n = 35) from 8 wk gestation to 28 months of age and adults (n = 3) were immunostained using antisera for the general nerve marker, protein gene product (PGP 9.5), the glial tissue marker S100, and the synaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin (p38). Histochemical staining for NADH diaphorase enzyme activity was also used to identify neurons. Computer-assisted image analysis of the muscularis externa permitted detailed quantification of cell size, nerve density and myenteric (plexus) fraction. At 8 wk gestation, PGP and synaptophysin were present in immature neurons throughout the cytoplasm, but from 10 wk synaptophysin was localised solely at nerve synapses. S100 immunoreactivity was also detected from 8 wk gestation onwards and was confined to glial tissue. Nerve cell size increased with maturation from 6 microns at 8 wk gestation to 20 microns at term and 21 microns at 28 months. The numbers of cells, nerve density (% area occupied by nerves throughout section) and myenteric fraction (% area occupied by ganglion cells and nerve fibres within the myenteric plexus) all peaked at 16-20 wk gestation and, whereas the number and density then fell towards adult levels, the myenteric fraction fell during the late second trimester and became constant from 30 wk gestation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Quantitative study of the development and maturation of human oesophageal innervation. 145 73

We report a case of intracystic papillary carcinoma of the male breast in a 70-year-old male Caucasian. Grossly, the tumor was a cystic lesion measuring 6 cm in diameter. It contained hemorrhagic fluid and a mural nodule with filiform projections. PAS stain with and without digestion revealed small clumps of diastase-resistant material in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells. Grimelius stain was positive. Immunoperoxidase stains were negative for neuron-specific enolase, S100 protein, cromogranin and synaptophysin and were positive for carcinoembryonic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen. On ultrastructural examination the neoplastic cells showed membrane-bound, dense-core secretory granules. We believe that this neoplasm, despite negative neuroendocrine markers, is a variant of mammary adenocarcinoma with endocrine differentiation, partly because of the positive Grimelius stain and partly because of the presence of electron-dense granules, which according to some authors represent lactational differentiation.
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PMID:Intracystic papillary carcinoma of the male breast. A case report (histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study). 160 58

A transurethral prostatic resection for prostatism in a 73 year old man showed a cluster of richly capillarised clear cells originally thought to be indicative of invasive carcinoma. Immunohistochemical studies were carried out on this tissue specimen and three similar cases using a variety of antibodies--Neuron specific enolase, PGP 9.5, chromogranin, synaptophysin, serotonin, somatostatin, substance P, calcitonin, calcitonin gene related peptide, met-enkephalin, VIP, neurofilament, CAM 5.2, S100 protein, prostatic specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase. The cellular foci were shown to be composed of paraganglionic cells. The cell clusters were well defined and predominantly comprised clear cells with scanty, fine eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules in three cases. The cell nuclei were round to oval, moderately pleomorphic, with evenly dispersed dense chromatin. It is concluded that the presence of minute foci of paraganglial cells in the bladder wall and prostate gland may be misinterpreted as malignant because of their close association with nerves and their relative rarity. Immunohistochemical staining with neuroendocrine markers should dispel any doubt about their identity.
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PMID:Paraganglial cells of urinary bladder and prostate: potential diagnostic problem. 169 Feb 21

The clinical, light microscopic, and immunohistochemical features of 14 sinonasal malignant melanomas were studied to show their diverse morphologic appearance and distinction from therapeutically more amenable neoplasms that occur in this region. The tumors arose in 6 men and 8 women (median age, 70 years). Eleven patients died of disease 7 to 44 months (median, 18 months) after diagnosis. The absolute median survival time was 18.5 months (range, 7 to 44 months). The predominant microscopic appearance was categorized as small blue cell in eight cases, spindle cell in three cases, epithelioid in two cases, and pleomorphic in one case. Eight tumors had multiple patterns. Five sinonasal malignant melanomas had theque-like growth, five had junctional change, and 10 contained at least rare melanin pigment. Fourteen, 13, and 12 sinonasal malignant melanomas were immunoreactive with anti-vimentin, HMB45, and anti-S100 protein antibodies, respectively. One epithelioid tumor positive for vimentin, S100, and HMB45 also contained scattered epithelial membrane antigen-positive and cytokeratin-positive cells, which emphasizes the need for a battery of stains to distinguish sinonasal malignant melanoma from carcinoma. All tumors were negative for leukocyte common antigen, muscle-specific actin, and synaptophysin. Diffuse immunopositivity for vimentin, S100 protein, and HMB45 allows distinction of sinonasal malignant melanomas from histologically similar neoplasms.
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PMID:Sinonasal malignant melanoma. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 14 cases. 172 Sep 20

A case of a "de novo" ganglioneuroma showing an internal area of malignant nerve sheath tumor is described. The tumor arose in an 18-year-old girl without a history of von Recklinghausen's disease. Immunohistochemically, the ganglioneuromatous component was positive with anti-synaptophysin, anti-S100 protein and anti-vimentin antisera, whereas the malignant part was immunoreactive only with anti-S100 protein and anti-vimentin antisera. The patient is free of disease 4 years after surgery. The clinicopathologic features of this rare case are discussed.
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PMID:Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor arising in a "de novo" ganglioneuroma. A case report. 185 Jan 81


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