Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: HUMANGGP:012675 (S100)
 6,012 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

'Gliosarcomas' have long been considered to be mixed gliomas and sarcomas. The present study failed to define criteria which clearly delineate 'gliosarcomas' from glioblastoma multiforme and suggests that 'gliosarcomas' should be considered as spindle cell glioblastomas. A total of six cases originally diagnosed as 'gliosarcomas' were compared with four cases of glioblastoma multiforme. No clinical or prognostic features were defined which would clearly separate 'gliosarcomas' from glioblastoma multiforme. Macroscopically, biopsies from 'gliosarcomas' ranged from firm, apparently well-circumscribed tumours to poorly circumscribed lesions with a soft consistency resembling glioblastoma multiforme. Histology revealed a continuous spectrum in which 'gliosarcomas' with large reticulin-rich areas of spindle cells merged with typical glioblastomas containing only small islands of spindle cells and reticulin staining. Immunocytochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); S100 protein and alpha-smooth muscle actin (ASMA) showed that the majority of cells in reticulin-poor areas of 'gliosarcoma' and glioblastomas expressed S100 protein and GFAP; many expressed ASMA and some expressed both GFAP and ASMA. Spindle cells in reticulin-rich areas of 'gliosarcomas' and glioblastomas most frequently expressed ASMA but many cells also expressed S100 protein and GFAP; some cells expressed both GFAP and ASMA. The results of this study and a review of the literature suggests that there is a clinical, radiological and pathological continuum with glioblastoma and 'gliosarcoma' at different ends of the spectrum. It is suggested, therefore, that most, if not all, 'gliosarcomas' be redesignated as spindle cell glioblastomas and not be considered as a mixture of glioma and sarcoma.
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PMID:Spindle-cell glioblastoma or gliosarcoma? 162 Feb 80

Four new cases of ectopic hamartomatous thymoma are presented. The tumor occurred either superficially or deep in the area of the sternoclavicular joint and consisted of solid islands of squamous epithelium which blended with spindled cells. Cysts lined by squamous epithelium, small glands, and fat also occurred in variable amounts. Both the spindled and epithelial regions of the tumor expressed keratin and muscle actin, but neither desmin nor S100 protein. The tumor probably originates from thymic anlage associated with the third pharyngeal pouch (thymus III), although origin from other structures such as thymus IV and the cervical sinus of His are discussed. Our experience indicates that the large size and extreme cellularity of the spindled portion of some tumors may result in the mistaken diagnosis of sarcoma.
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PMID:Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma: clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and histogenetic considerations in four new cases. 169 94

We wished to assess the antigenic expression of primary lung tumors diagnosed as either carcinosarcoma or sarcoma in order to determine whether this information would be useful in distinguishing the two. We therefore immunohistochemically analyzed six pulmonary carcinosarcomas and five primary lung sarcomas for the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), S100 protein, cytokeratin and vimentin using commercially available monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies on formalin fixed tissues. Six of six carcinosarcomas stained positively for cytokeratin while none of the sarcomas stained. In three carcinosarcomas both the carcinomatous and sarcomatous areas were positive while in three only the carcinomatous areas were positive. CEA staining was present in five carcinosarcomas and absent in all the sarcomas. CEA positivity was strong and not confined to those tumors with obvious gland formation. Staining for S100 protein was positive in two carcinosarcomas but only in those areas showing chondroid differentiation. Immunohistochemical staining for vimentin using two different monoclonal antibodies gave inconsistent results. We conclude that in differentiating between a carcinosarcoma and a sarcoma of the lung, immunohistochemical staining for both cytokeratin and CEA are useful with cytokeratin marginally preferable. The data indicate that carcinosarcoma of the lung, like that of the upper aerodigestive tract, expresses antigens suggesting both epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation.
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PMID:An immunohistological comparison of primary lung carcinosarcoma and sarcoma. 169 5

We have tested the diagnostic value in malignant melanoma of HMB45, a monoclonal antibody available for use on paraffin-embedded tissue. MATERIAL AND METHOD. Tissues tested. The following pathological tissues were tested: 10 intradermal and 11 compound naevi; 6 spitz naevi; 20 dysplastic naevi; 10 blue naevi; 2 Bednar's tumours; 6 Sutton naevi; 15 melanonychias; 21 cutaneous and 11 ocular malignant melanomas (MM), and 3 achromic metastases. Control tissues were: vitiligo (20), carcinoma (5), malignant schwannoma of the orbit (1), soft tissue sarcoma (5) and malignant lymphoma (5). Antibodies. The antibodies used were antiprotein S100, antivimentin, anticytokeratin (KL1), monoclonal antileucocyte (CD45) antibodies and HMB45, a monoclonal antibody of the IgG 1 type obtained from lymph node metastases from pigmented malignant melanomas. RESULTS. None of the control tissues were stained by the HMB Ab. Intradermal naevi did not react positively. Compound naevi: the juntional cells were stained by HMB45 in 2/10 cases. Dysplastic naevi: HMB45 showed heterogeneous reactivity of junctional cells in 15/20 cases, and this correlated with the degree of atypia. Blue naevi: HMB45 stained the superficial and deep cells in 3/10 cases. Bednar's tumour: no cell was stained by HMB45. Spitz naevi: HMB45 gave an intensely positive reaction of junctional cells in 4/5 cases and a weaker reaction of dermal cells. Sutton naevi: the naevus cells were not stained by HMB45 in 5/6 cases. In simple melanocytic hyperplasia of the nail bed, only a few atypical cells were stained. In superficially spreading melanoma (SSM) all neoplastic cells were stained by HMB45 in proportion to their degree of atypia. Residual naevus cells were negative. The anti S100 and the antivimentin antibodies stained all neoplastic and naevus cells. In nodular melanoma (NM), HMB45 stained all neoplastic cells in proportion to their degree of atypia. The antivimentin Ab stained the neoplastic cells, and so did the anti-S100 Ab which also stained inflammatory cells. In acral-lentiginous melanoma (ALM), HMB stained the dermal tumoral cells moderately and the junctional cells more strongly. In ocular melanoma, HMB45 strongly stained the fusiform cells and less strongly the epithelioid cells. In achromic metastases from cutaneous malignant melanomas, HMB45 strongly stained the neoplastic cells but did not stain the peritumoral cells. DISCUSSION. The purpose of this study was to compare the value of HMB45 with that of other immunohistochemical staining methods A. Main data from the literature. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Contribution of monoclonal antibody HMB45 in the histopathologic diagnosis of melanoma]. 170 64

A 54-year-old man was admitted because of right supraclavicular lymphadenopathy of some weeks duration. Computed axial tomography revealed a large multinodular lesion in a supraclavicular lymph node. The patient then had a supraclavicular lymph node biopsy. Light microscopy showed a tumor whose structure was suggestive of an interdigitating cell sarcoma. Enzyme and immunohistochemical analysis showed that the tumor cells possessed membranous adenosine triphosphatase activity, intracytoplasmic S100 protein, surface CD1a and CD4 antigens, and HLA-DR antigen. Ultrastructural examination showed that the cells exhibited many interdigitating cytoplasmic extensions, but no Birbeck granules. DNA content analysis of the tumor cells proved that the cells were malignant. These data are consistent with derivation from a lymph node interdigitating cell.
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PMID:Lymph node interdigitating cell sarcoma. A case report. 172 55

The immunohistochemical study of 60 cases of rhabdomyosarcomas made it possible to test eight different antibodies currently used in tumour pathology: i.e., antisera to vimentin, desmin, myoglobin, cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, S100 protein, neurofilaments, and leukocyte common antigen. Vimentin was found in 58 cases (97 per cent), desmin in 49 cases (82 per cent), myoglobin in 23 cases (38 per cent), S100 protein in 7 cases (12 per cent), and cytokeratin in 3 cases (5 per cent). Other markers were negative. S100 protein was present in large round tumour cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm (round rhabdomyoblasts), whereas cytokeratin was present in small tumour cells similar to those observed in rhabdoid sarcoma. This unexpected staining should become common knowledge for the correct interpretation of the immunohistochemical study of small cell tumours in the young.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of rhabdomyosarcoma. Unexpected staining with S100 protein and cytokeratin. 245 82

Tissue from two patients with granulocytic sarcomas stained positively for MT1 and S100 protein antibodies; both of these cases presented considerable clinical and histological diagnostic difficulties until acute myeloblastic leukaemia spread to the bone marrow. Tissues from a further eight patients with granulocytic sarcoma were also examined retrospectively. Seven of them stained for MT1 and four for S100 protein but the traditional histological markers for myeloid cells--chloroacetate esterase and lysosyme--often stained only weakly and focally. This pattern of staining should raise the possibility of a granulocytic sarcoma in otherwise problematic cases.
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PMID:Granulocytic sarcoma: misleading immunohistological staining with MT1 and S100 protein antibodies. 246 55

Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) is an uncommon, clinicopathologically distinct neoplasm that typically arises in association with tendons and aponeuroses. It shares several histologic and ultrastructural features with malignant melanoma. Clear cell sarcoma occasionally may be confused with other tumors of soft tissue that have a predominantly epithelioid appearance, including epithelioid leiomyosarcoma, epithelioid neurofibrosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and epithelioid sarcoma. To assess the potential contribution of immunohistochemistry to this differential diagnosis, a panel of immunostains was applied to examples of each of these neoplasms. All six CCSs contained vimentin, and five were reactive with the melanoma-specific monoclonal antibody HMB-45. In addition, five CCSs expressed neuron-specific enolase, four cases displayed S100 protein, and four examples contained LN3 antigen. Synaptophysin and Leu-7 antigen were present in one case each. Cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, desmin, muscle-specific actin, and leukocyte common antigen were invariably absent. No other primary epithelioid neoplasm of soft tissue reacted with HMB-45. Clear cell sarcoma could be separated from epithelioid leiomyosarcoma by the presence of desmin and muscle-specific actin in the latter neoplasm. Similarly, both synovial sarcoma and epithelioid sarcoma differed from CCS by their expression of cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen. Clear cell sarcoma and malignant melanoma were immunohistochemically indistinguishable, supporting the concept that they share a common pattern of differentiation.
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PMID:Clear cell sarcoma. An immunohistochemical analysis of six cases and comparison with other epithelioid neoplasms of soft tissue. 252 Dec 88

We describe a case of an alveolar soft-part sarcoma of the cervix in a 35-year-old woman. The light- and electron-microscopic and immunohistochemical findings are described. Periodic acid-Schiff-positive, diastase resistant, intracytoplasmic crystals, pathognomonic for alveolar soft-part sarcoma, were present. The cells expressed immunoreactivity for neuron-specific enolase and protein S100. The results of our own immunohistochemical examinations and those presented in the literature are discussed.
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PMID:Alveolar soft-part sarcoma in the uterine cervix. 280 51

Both cytoplasmic and membrane-bound protein kinase C activities are increased in: Harvey-Sarcoma Virus, infected thyroid epithelial cells. The cytoplasmic kinase C increase is found in the chromatographic fraction eluted at lower salt concentration (100 mM NaCl-S100), while the more acidic protein fraction eluted at higher salt concentration (35 mM NaCl-S350) is virtually absent. Although the cytoplasmic S100 fraction from the control and ras-virus infected cells display a comparable PBt2 binding activity, they are different in the Ca+2-dependence and the TPA down regulation. In addition, the membranes from the control and ras-virus infected cells are different phosphate acceptors in place of the H1 histones.
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PMID:Protein kinase C activities are increased in rat thyroid epithelial cells expressing v-ras genes. 284 29


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