Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: HUMANGGP:012675 (S100)
 6,012 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunohistochemical methods were used to analyse benign and malignant tumours of peripheral nerve tissue. We tested for the distribution of basement membrane (BM) components collagen IV, laminin, heparan sulphate proteoglycan, fibronectin, for S100 protein and for the presence of interstitial collagens III and V. Laminin was generally noted in association with Schwann cells, but collagen IV occurred with perineural cells. When tested for BM components, fibroblasts were notably non-reactive except for fibronectin. Three specific area-dependent BM patterns were observed in the benign tumours: (a) Schwann cell-like, in fascicular areas (Antoni A areas of schwannoma, central fibrous bundles of plexiform neurofibromas and central areas of cutaneous neurofibroma), (b) perineural cell-like (capsular structures of schwannoma) and (c) fibroblast-like (myxoid and fibrously transformed areas). Most malignant tissues showed a variably fragmentary focal deposition of laminin. Other BM components were present only in well-differentiated areas. Poorly differentiated tumours demonstrated fibronectin reactivity alone. Our results provide evidence that the specific staining pattern for BM components helps to differentiate the various cellular proliferations in neurogenic tumours. Schwann cells are not only distinguishable from perineural cells by S100 protein staining, but also by their specific BM staining. In addition, perineural cells can be separated from fibroblasts, which do not express BM material. The "tropism" of laminin in normal nerves and benign neural tumours--which persists in neurogenic sarcomas--indicates preferential Schwann cell differentiation in these cells.
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PMID:Comparison of various basement membrane components in benign and malignant peripheral nerve tumours. 141 94

In this article, we describe a case of a cellular neurilemmoma with focal granular cell elements. The Schwann cells showed S100 and Leu-7 immunoreactivity. The granular cells were periodic acid-Schiff-positive, diastase resistant with strong S100 immunoreactivity. Electron microscopy showed electron dense, heterogeneous granules in the granular cells and interdigitating processes and elongated nuclei of the Schwann cells. Although many granular cell tumors are believed to be derived from Schwann cells, neoplasms with both elements are rarely presented.
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PMID:Granular cells in a cellular neurilemmoma. 141 49

In the patient reported here, a solid tumor lying between the vagina and the rectum was detected using various imaging techniques (ultrasonography and MRI), and S100 protein was found in the tumor cells. Thus, a schwannoma was the final diagnosis. This is a slow-growing neoplasm, and its early detection is difficult.
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PMID:Vaginal schwannoma. 150 12

We have tested the diagnostic value in malignant melanoma of HMB45, a monoclonal antibody available for use on paraffin-embedded tissue. MATERIAL AND METHOD. Tissues tested. The following pathological tissues were tested: 10 intradermal and 11 compound naevi; 6 spitz naevi; 20 dysplastic naevi; 10 blue naevi; 2 Bednar's tumours; 6 Sutton naevi; 15 melanonychias; 21 cutaneous and 11 ocular malignant melanomas (MM), and 3 achromic metastases. Control tissues were: vitiligo (20), carcinoma (5), malignant schwannoma of the orbit (1), soft tissue sarcoma (5) and malignant lymphoma (5). Antibodies. The antibodies used were antiprotein S100, antivimentin, anticytokeratin (KL1), monoclonal antileucocyte (CD45) antibodies and HMB45, a monoclonal antibody of the IgG 1 type obtained from lymph node metastases from pigmented malignant melanomas. RESULTS. None of the control tissues were stained by the HMB Ab. Intradermal naevi did not react positively. Compound naevi: the juntional cells were stained by HMB45 in 2/10 cases. Dysplastic naevi: HMB45 showed heterogeneous reactivity of junctional cells in 15/20 cases, and this correlated with the degree of atypia. Blue naevi: HMB45 stained the superficial and deep cells in 3/10 cases. Bednar's tumour: no cell was stained by HMB45. Spitz naevi: HMB45 gave an intensely positive reaction of junctional cells in 4/5 cases and a weaker reaction of dermal cells. Sutton naevi: the naevus cells were not stained by HMB45 in 5/6 cases. In simple melanocytic hyperplasia of the nail bed, only a few atypical cells were stained. In superficially spreading melanoma (SSM) all neoplastic cells were stained by HMB45 in proportion to their degree of atypia. Residual naevus cells were negative. The anti S100 and the antivimentin antibodies stained all neoplastic and naevus cells. In nodular melanoma (NM), HMB45 stained all neoplastic cells in proportion to their degree of atypia. The antivimentin Ab stained the neoplastic cells, and so did the anti-S100 Ab which also stained inflammatory cells. In acral-lentiginous melanoma (ALM), HMB stained the dermal tumoral cells moderately and the junctional cells more strongly. In ocular melanoma, HMB45 strongly stained the fusiform cells and less strongly the epithelioid cells. In achromic metastases from cutaneous malignant melanomas, HMB45 strongly stained the neoplastic cells but did not stain the peritumoral cells. DISCUSSION. The purpose of this study was to compare the value of HMB45 with that of other immunohistochemical staining methods A. Main data from the literature. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Contribution of monoclonal antibody HMB45 in the histopathologic diagnosis of melanoma]. 170 64

The authors present a case of brain metastasis from an epithelioid malignant schwannoma. The patient previously had undergone a surgical resection of the primary tumor in the right forearm. The neoplasm was composed of nests of cells with an entirely epithelioid appearance without spindle cell areas. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells stained positive for S100 protein and negative for cytokeratin, neuron-specific enolase, and anti-melanoma antiserum. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of cerebral metastasis from an epithelioid malignant tumor of the peripheral nerve sheath.
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PMID:Cerebral metastasis from an epithelioid malignant schwannoma: case report. 175 6

A novel cell line, YST-1, was established from an epithelioid malignant schwannoma (EMS) that occurred in the upper arm of an 8-year-old girl. YST-1 cells were polygonal and stellate in shape, contained abundant free ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes and rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, and grew stably with a population doubling time of 40 h. Immunohistochemically, vimentin, S100 protein and S100 protein beta subunit were positive in the cytoplasm. The xeno-transplanted tumor in nude mice was composed of cells with an epithelioid arrangement similar to the original tumor. The borders of the tumor cells were connected intimately without desmosomal junctions, and there were abundant organelles in the cytoplasm. YST-1 cells were considered to be of value for studying the nature and histogenesis of EMS.
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PMID:Establishment of an epithelioid malignant schwannoma cell line (YST-1). 198 May 63

Two decades of research with resorptive neurocarcinogens firmly established the high potency of methyl and ethylnitrosourea (MNU and ENU) as neurocarcinogens, particularly in rats. There are significant differences in susceptibility to these agents among species. There are also differences among age groups. Fetuses are between 50 to 100 times more susceptible than adult rats. One single iv inoculation of 20-50 mg/kg ENU into pregnant rats may produce neurogenic tumors in 100% of the offspring. The tumors produced by these compounds have been well characterized morphologically, biologically, biochemically and histochemically. Tumors produced by both compounds are mostly gliomas and neurinomas (Schwannomas), however, clear differences exist between ENU and MNU produced neoplasms. Transplacental exposure to ENU generally results in a high number of anaplastic neurinomas and mostly differentiated gliomas (astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas or mixed gliomas). In contrast, multiple exposures of adult rats to MNU result in a moderate number of mostly differentiated neurinomas and a high number of anaplastic gliomas. Tumors usually start out as well differentiated oligodendrogliomas or astrocytomas. As they grow larger, they become more mixed and anaplastic. In contrast to spontaneous gliomas in old rats, MNU and ENU-induced astrocytomas can be readily identified with well established biomarkers such as the S100 protein and particularly GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein). Neurinomas are also strongly positive for S100 protein. No reliable markers exist for oligodendrogliomas. Neurogenic tumors induced by MNU or ENU, as well as derived cell lines and clones from such tumors, have been successfully used as models for neurocarcinogenesis and therapeutic screening.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Characterization of N-nitrosourea-induced tumors of the nervous system; their prospective value for studies of neurocarcinogenesis and brain tumor therapy. 219 38

To develop a reproducible in vivo model for the growth of human schwannomas we implanted tumor specimens from 14 different patients (13 acoustic neurinomas; 1 trigeminal schwannoma) into the subrenal capsule of 108 nude mice. In 11 experiments, the animals were implanted with only solid tumor from the surgical specimens. In two experiments, the tumor implants were made from solid tumors and cell clusters. In one experiment, the tumor implants were made from cell clusters alone. The size and neovascularization of these tumors were serially determined during a 1.5- to 3-month period. The percentages of tumors that survived or grew were 77.3% from solid tumors and 70% from cell clusters. Maximum tumor volume varied as did the time span to reach that volume. Tumor enlargement and stability correlated well with neovascularity; regressing tumor showed minimal or no neovascularity. Histological analysis of the implanted tumors showed spindle cells that are similar to the original tumor. Immunohistochemical staining for S100 demonstrated the Schwann cell nature of the implants. Analysis of genomic DNA from an acoustic neurinoma that had been implanted for 3 weeks was consistent with its human origin. There were no significant microscopic differences among groups receiving solid tumor implants or cell clusters. These studies suggest that implantation of human schwannomas into the subrenal capsule of the nude mouse is a reproducible method to study tumor growth that may be useful in testing potential therapeutic regimens or genetic modulation of schwannomas.
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PMID:Growth of human schwannomas in the subrenal capsule of the nude mouse. 233 81

The majority of melanocytic tumours are easily diagnosed but they become a problem when they are amelanotic and the tumour cells resemble those of other tumours. This applies particularly to secondary melanoma. Detection of S100 protein is a useful identifying marker. S100 protein, so named for its solubility in saturated ammonium sulphate, is derived from brain tissue. It is a dimer and belongs to a calcium binding group of proteins. The protein was first thought to be in neural or neural crest derived tissues but has been found in chondrocytes, adipocytes, myoepithelial cells, dendritic cells of lymphoid tissue, Langerhans cells and T lymphocytes. The protein is present in a high proportion of malignant melanomas and nevocytic nevi of skin, but is less positive in eye melanomas. It is present in gliomas, Schwannomas and neurofibromas but not in neurone derived tumours such as neuroblastomas. Chondromas, chondrosarcomas, liposarcomas, some osteogenic sarcomas and some histiocytic tumours are positive. The tumours that do not contain S100 protein are listed. Pending development of melanoma-directed monoclonal antibodies, the use of anti-serum to S100 protein plus anti-keratin and anti-leukocyte reagents is useful in the identification of tumours of doubtful histogenesis.
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PMID:S-100 protein as a marker for melanocytic and other tumours. 299 6

A 50-year-old male presented with facial pain due to an extrinsic intracranial tumour involving pontine nerve roots. Biopsy and subsequent partial surgical excision indicated origin from the trigeminal nerve. Histologically the tumour had features of a neurilemmoma but in addition contained a population of epithelioid cells. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated S100 protein in the non-epithelioid component but no reaction in the epithelioid cells, whilst vimentin was present in both cell types. Ultrastructurally the epithelioid cells showed features consistent with a Schwann cell nature and may represent a less well differentiated cell population derived from a Schwann cell precursor. The significance of these findings in relation to the cell of origin of neurilemmomas is discussed.
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PMID:Epithelioid neurilemmoma of the trigeminal nerve: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. 391 35


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