Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: HUMANGGP:003739 (CO2)
 48,959 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Axenic, washed conidia of Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli, Aspergillus flavus, and Verticillium albo-atrum were placed on washed Difco purified agar discs along with an inorganic salt solution containing various levels of carbon and nitrogen substrates. These discs were exposed to volatiles from six soils (pH 5.1-8.6). Fusarium solani macroconidial germination was inhibited mostly by volatiles from soils of pH 5.1, 6.1, 7.0, and 7.5, but high levels of glucose and NH4Cl reversed this inhibition, raising germination to that of no-soil, no-carbon or nitrogen controls. Conidial germination of A. flavus was inhibited mainly by volatiles from high pH (7.0, 7.8, and 8.6) soils, and increased levels of glucose plus an amino acid mixture nullified this inhibition. Volatiles from soils of pH 5.1, 6.1, and 7.5 stimulated A. flavus conidial germination. Assays after the removal of CO2 from the air above soil of pH 5.1 demonstrated that volatiles inhibitory to A. flavus were produced by this soil. Assays indicated that a KOH-soluble compound was a fungistatic soil volatile to F. solani macroconidial germination. The nullification by carbon and nitrogen substrates of F. solani and A. flavus inhibition caused by soil volatiles parallels that for soil fungistasis. Conidial germination of V. albo-atrum was markedly stimulated by volatiles in all soils tested, and was not affected by removal of CO2. Inhibitory soil volatiles may increase the nutritional requirements for spore germination of certain fungi.
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PMID:Soil fungistasis: elevation of the exogenous carbon and nitrogen requirements for spore germination by fungistatic volatiles in soils. 0 Jan 35

Oxygen utilization (VO2) and lactate production by an isolated perfused canine hindlimb was evaluated at various hydrogen ion concentrations. A membrane lung perfusion system was established such that blood flow and temperature could be fixed at normal levels. Oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas flows to the membrane lung were independently regulated to provide a fixed arterial oxygen content (CaO2). By changing CO2 flow, the pH of the arterial blood was varied between 6.9 and 7.6 at 10-min intervals. The mean O2 delivery (CaO2 X blood flow) was between 16.3 ML O2/min and 20.5 ml O2/min. Standard error of the mean in each dog, however, was less than 0.4 ml O2/min. VO2 was linearly related to the pH of the perfusing blood: VO2% = 100.1 pH - 643 (r = 0.866). Oxygen consumption was inversely related to PCO2: VO2% = -0.62 PCO2 + 124, but the correlation was less good (r = 0.729). Lactate production was linearly related to the pH of the perfusing blood (above a pH of 7.4): lactate produced = 22.5 pH - 162.5 (r = 0.75). At a pH below 7.4, lactate was not produced. Oxygen consumption of skeletal muscle appears critically dependent on extracellular fluid pH. A change in pH of 0.1 alters VO2 almost exactly 10%. Alkalosis is a potent stimulus to lactic acid production by skeletal muscle.
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PMID:Hydrogen ion concentration and oxygen uptake in an isolated canine hindlimb. 0 74

We examined changes in ionized calcium concentration in serum after its exposure to air. Samples with total protein concentrations ranging from 50 to 90 g/liter were equilibrated with CO2 in nitrogen (5/95, by vol) or CO2 alone, to produce pH values of 7.0 to 8.0. Ionized calcium was then measured with an Orion flow-through electrode system. Curves relating pH and ionized calcium concentration had statistically identical slopes regardless of protein concentration. A factor was derived, based on pH change, for correcting values for ionized calcium in serum exposed to air, and its validity was confirmed by comparing corrected values for samples allowed to stand at ambient temperature (23 degrees C) without anaerobic precautions with values initially obtained on anaerobic aliquots of the same samples.
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PMID:Determination of ionized calcium in serum that has been exposed to air. 0 66

ACD blood was preserved in glass bottles with or without aeration and in plastic bags in air or nitrogen gas at 4.5 degrees C. The blood was examined for physical and chemical changes of erythrocyte membrane resistance, hemoglobin in the plasma, the viscosity of the blood, pH of plasma, and ATP and 2,3-DPG content of erythrocytes. The blood preserved in plastic bags showed less changes than blood in glass bottles. The presence of air or nitrogen gas in blood seems to increase the pH perhaps by elimination of carbon dioxide (CO2) which in turn causes the different rates of glycolysis in the erythrocytes.
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PMID:Physical and chemical changes of ACD-preserved blood: a comparison of blood in glass bottles and plastic bags. 0 28

Beta-Lactamase (penicillinase) activity was found in a number of strains of blue-green algea. In some cases, this enzyme permitted algae to overcome the inhibitory effects of penicillin. Production and localization of beta-lactamase were studied in a unicellular species, Coccochloris elabens (strain 7003), and in a filamentous, nitrogen-fixing Anabaena species (strain 7120). When cells were grown in a neutral medium with NaNO3 as N source, the pH rose during growth; at a pH of about 10, most of the enzyme was expressed equally well in intact or disrupted cells. If the pH was kept near neutrality during growth by gassing with CO2 in N2 or by growth under conditions of N2 fixation, the enzyme remained cell-bound and cryptic for most of the growth phase, being measurable only after cells were disrupted. The enzymes from strains 7003 and 7120 had greater activity on benzyl penicillin and other penicillins than on cephalosporins. Some differences were observed in the "substrate proliles" of penicillinases from the two strains against different penicillins.
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PMID:Penicillinase (beta-lactamase) formation by blue-green algae. 1 30

The morphology of Ureaplasm urealyticum in broth cultures was studied by phase-contrast microscopy. Most organisms appeared singly or in pairs. Long filaments and long chains of cocci, common in classical mycoplasma cultures, were not observed. On solid medium, U. urealyticum produced "fried-egg" colonies which developed according to the scheme suggested by Razin and Oliver (J. Gen. Microbiol., 1961) for the morphogenesis of the classical mycoplasma colonies. The formation of the peripheral zone of the colonies followed that of the central zone only when growth conditions were adequate, Hence, the appearance of peripheral zones, and consequently the larger colony size, can be taken as an indicator of improved growth conditions. Incubation in an atmosphere of 100% CO2 resulted in significantly larger colonies than in an atmosphere of N2, O2, or air. CO2 acts as a buffer, keeping the pH at the optimal range for Ureaplasma growth (pH 6.0 to 6.5) in the presence of the ammonia produced from the urea hydrolyzed by the organisms. The addition to the medium of 0.01 M urea together with 0.01 M putrescine enabled better growth than with urea alone. Small amounts of phosphate improved growth in an atmosphere of CO2, apparently fulfilling a nutritional role. Under nitrogen, higher phosphate concentrations were required for good growth, apparently serving as a buffer as well as a nutrient. Sodium chloride and sucrose which had been added to increase the tonicity of the medium inhibited growth above 0.1 M. An increase in the agar concentration above 2% resulted in decreased colony size. Likewise, prolonged drying of the agar plates caused a marked decrease in colony size, mostly affecting the peripheral zone. The addition of both urea and putrescine to the growth medium and incubation in a humidified CO2 atmosphere are recommended for improved growth and formation of fried-egg colonies of U. ureaplyticum on agar. It must be emphasized that these experiments were carried out with a laboratory-adapted strain.
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PMID:Morphology of Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-mycoplasma) organisms and colonies. 1 86

1. Foetal and maternal plasma metabolite and catecholamine concentrations have been measured in chronically catheterized sheep, 95-145 days pregnant. 2. With increasing gestational age there was rise in foetal plasma lactate, free fatty acid and ketone body concentration and in maternal plasma in free fatty acid and ketone body concentration. With the exception of alpha-amino nitrogen none of the plasma metabolites showed any correlation with foetal blood gas or pH values; alpha-amino N was inversely related to foetal blood pH. 3. Hypoxia in the foetuses was induced by causing the ewe to breathe 9% O2 with 3% CO2 in N2. This had a small effect on plasma metabolites in the ewe, mainly producing an increase in free fatty acid and ketone body concentration. 4. In the foetus hypoxia was associated with a large rise in plasma lactate and a small rise in alpha-amino N, the magnitudes of which did not change over the gestational range studied. Consistent and large increases in foetal plasma glucose, free fatty acid and ketone body concentration in response to hypoxia were seen only between 130 and 145 days. 5. In foetuses of 130-145 days the magnitude of the hypoxia-induced rise in plasma glucose and free fatty acid concentration was proportional to the plasma catecholamine concentration. 6. The concentration of acetate in foetal plasma was lower than and proportional to that in the maternal plasma. Neither concentration changed significantly during hypoxia. 7. The results are discussed in relation to the ability of the foetal sheep independently to control the concentration of its plasma metabolites and to mobilize its carbon stores at times of need. They indicate that in the sheep plasma catecholamines are important regulators of plasma glucose and free fatty acid concentrations late in foetal life.
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PMID:The development of some metabolic responses to hypoxia in the foetal sheep. 1 24

The low field regions of the 220 MHz proton magnetic resonance spectra of concanavalin A (Con A) complexes with metal ions show well resolved resonances from the C2 protons of histidine side chains. Shifts of these resonances are observed when Zn2+ ions at the transition metal ion binding site, S1, are replaced by CO2 ions. The magnitude of these shifts can be used to determine the orientation of axis of anisotropy of the Co2+ ligand field since the distances from the C2 protons of the histidines to S1 can be computed from the crystal structure coordinates. Assignment of the separate peaks in the spectrum of the Con A-Co2+-Ca2+ complex and of the Con A-Zn2+-Ca2+ complex, to particular histidines in the amino acid sequence of Con A then follows. The refined crystal coordinates of both Reeke et al. (Reeke, G. N., Jr., Becker, J. W., and Edelman, G. M. (1975) J. Biol. Chem, 250, 1525-1547) and of Hardman and Ainsworth (private communication) have been used. These two sets of coordinates both yield orientations for the axis of anisotropy which are approximately in the direction of the His 24 nitrogen ligand.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance studies of concanavalin A: assignment of histidine resonances in 220 MHz proton spectrum of complexes with Co2+ and Zn2+. 1 83

The yeast "H" of the genus Candida guilliermondii can grow on hydrocarbons as the only source for carbon. Urea can serve as a nitrogen source for this yeast which lacks detectable urease activity. During urea metabolism ammonia has never been accumulated in the culture medium. However, transferring the yeast from complete urea-medium into an urea containing phophate-buffer, the degradation of urea continues and ammonia is accumulated as well as CO2 evolved. In cell-free extracts of the yeast urea amidolyase activity was detected in the presence of ATP, biotin and specific cations. Obviously, the synthesis of urea amidolyase is induced by urea and arginine and repressed by the catabolite ammonia. Similarly the synthesis of arginase is regulated by arginine and ammonia. The analytical data of the arginase action differ significantly in relation to the carbon source of the culture medium. Both the level of arginase and ornithine carbamyl-transferase change in a characteristic way during the batch-culture. From the lower level of arginase in relation to ornithine carbamyltransferase it can be concluded that especially in alkane-metabolizing yeast the arginine catabolism is not very intensive.
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PMID:[Anabolic and catabolic enzymes of urea metabolism in a carbohydrate-utilizing strain of Candida guilliermondii]. 2 24

Anabaena cylindrica sparged with argon gas produced H2 continuously for 30 days under limited light conditions (6.0 W/m2) and for 18 days under elevated light conditions (32 W/m2) in the absence of exogenous nitrogen. The efficiency of converting visible light energy (32 W/m2) into chemical energy that is trapped as H2 ranged between 0.35 and 0.85% (approximately 13 microliter of H2 per mg [drywt] per h). Ammonium additions (0.2 mM NH4+) at various times destabilized the system and eventually suppressed H2 production completely, as compared with the control. Cultures grown with 5.0 mg of Fe3+ per liter produced H2 at a rate about twice that of cultures with 0.5 mg of Fe3+ per liter. Cultures grown at pH 7.4 produced H2 at the same initial rates as cultures that were grown at pH 9.4; however, the latter cultures continued to produce H2 after CO2 deprivation.
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PMID:Hydrogen production by Anabaena cylindrica: effects of varying ammonium and ferric ions, pH, and light. 2 22


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