Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: HUMANGGP:001400 (PRP)
 1,320 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since 1987 Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) conjugate vaccines have been licensed for use in children ages 18 months and older. Before licensure there were no clinical trials of a single dose of any conjugate vaccine in children ages 18 months or older. To fulfill this need we performed an age- and residence-matched case-control study of the efficacy of Hib vaccines. In our study population the protective efficacy (PE) of Hib-diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine was 88% (95% confidence interval, 45 to 98%). No vaccine failures were observed with Hib oligosaccharide CRM197 diphtheria protein conjugate vaccine, but usage was not sufficient to establish efficacy: PE = 100% (95% confidence interval, -37 to 100%). The protective efficacy of Hib capsular polysaccharide vaccine was 18% (95% confidence interval -487 to 89%). We conclude that for children ages 18 to 60 months a single dose of the Hib conjugate vaccine, PRP-D, is protective against invasive Hib infections. Consistent with most studies Hib polysaccharide vaccine provided suboptimal protection.
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PMID:Efficacy of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines in Massachusetts children 18 to 59 months of age. 163 Aug 57

The capsular polysaccharide from Haemophilus influenzae type b (polyribosyl ribitol-phosphate; PRP) and the capsular polysaccharides from Streptococcus pneumoniae types 6B, 14, 18C, and 23F (Pn6B, Pn14, Pn18C, and Pn23F) were subjected to acid hydrolysis using hydrofluoric (HF) and/or trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and high-pH anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection in an effort to identify optimum hydrolysis conditions for composition analysis of their carbohydrate components. With the exception of PRP, composition analyses of polysaccharides containing a phosphate moiety in the repeating unit structure (Pn6B, Pn18C, and Pn23F) are significantly improved by subjecting the sample to HF hydrolysis (65 degrees C, 1 h) followed by TFA hydrolysis (98 degrees C, 16 h). This results in essentially quantitative hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond to the carbohydrate components, which otherwise remained predominantly phosphorylated and poorly accounted for in the analysis. Optimum analysis of PRP was achieved following a 2-h hydrolysis with TFA at 80 degrees C, whereas Pn14 showed optimum results after a 16-h hydrolysis with TFA at 98 degrees C. These analyses also provide information about the relative susceptibility to acid hydrolysis of the various glycosidic and phosphodiester bonds in these polysaccharides, with evidence to suggest that the acid lability of a given bond can be dramatically different from one polysaccharide to another.
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PMID:Carbohydrate composition analysis of bacterial polysaccharides: optimized acid hydrolysis conditions for HPAEC-PAD analysis. 163 23

In this highly controlled trial, 26 normolipidemic men (average age 28 years, range 18 to 60) were fed a baseline diet high in milk fat (MF) (fat 36% of energy, saturates 19%, monounsaturates 11%, polyunsaturates 4%), followed by a diet high in sunflower oil (SO) (fat 38% of energy, saturates 13%, monounsaturates 10%, polyunsaturates 13%) and another diet high in low erucic-acid rapeseed oil (RO) (fat 38% of energy, saturates 12%, monounsaturates 16%, polyunsaturates 8%). All diets were mixed natural diets with the same cholesterol contents. The baseline milk fat diet was given for 14 days and the oil diets for 24 days in a blind cross-over design. The platelet in vitro aggregation (slope %/min) induced by 1, 2 and 3 microM ADP and collagen (25 micrograms/ml PRP) was highly significantly (p less than 0.001) increased after both oil diets when compared with the results from the milk fat diet. The aggregation pattern determined by threshold collagen concentration confirmed increased collagen sensitivity of the platelets after the rapeseed oil diet (p less than 0.001). The enhancement of platelet aggregation was associated with increased in vitro platelet thromboxane production after the oil diets vs. the milk fat diet (p less than 0.05 after the sunflower oil diet and p less than 0.001 after the rapeseed oil diet).
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PMID:Rapeseed oil and sunflower oil diets enhance platelet in vitro aggregation and thromboxane production in healthy men when compared with milk fat or habitual diets. 164 26

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hi b) is responsible for severe invasive infections, particularly meningitis, in children under 5 years of age, with the greatest frequency between 6 and 18 months. The antigenicity of Hib is related to its capsular polysaccharide (polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate or PRP) which is at the origin of the production of bactericide anti-PRP antibodies. Vaccine using PRP alone have been shown to be well tolerated and immunogenic, but only in children above 2 years of age. We vaccinated 365 infants starting at the age of 3 months with a vaccine using a PRP-tetanus toxoid conjugate (PRP-T), coupled with the DTP pertussis vaccine. Local and general tolerance was found to be very good. Quantitative serum antibody measurements showed excellent immunogenicity. None of the vaccinated infants presented an invasive Hib infection. It therefore appears that early systematic vaccination of infants with PRP-T vaccine should be encouraged.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the vaccination of 3-month-old infants with Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hi b) capsular polysaccharide conjugated to tetanus protein (PRT-T) Pediatric Group of the Lyon Region]. 166 38

The calcium-entry blocker isradipine was tested in a closed-chest pig model for chronic myocardial infarction. Ischemia was evoked in anesthetized pigs (25-35 kg) by inflating a catheter balloon in the left anterior descending coronary artery for at least 45 min. Hemodynamic monitoring and signal averaging of X, Y, and Z electrocardiographic leads were performed (150 beats, filtered at 50 Hz). After reperfusion, all animals developed an accelerated idioventricular rhythm and high creatine kinase (CPK) plasma levels. Coronary venous purines and catecholamines increased transiently. Two hours after reperfusion, heart rate was elevated from the initial 87.5 +/- 6.3 to 126 +/- 6.4 beats/min (p less than 0.01) and the pressure-rate product (PRP, an index of oxygen demand) from 9,530 +/- 630 to 11,950 +/- 790 mm Hg/min (p less than 0.05). After 2 weeks, six surviving pigs had a decreased stroke volume (98 +/- 18 versus the initial 124 +/- 14 microliters/kg, p less than 0.05), a prolonged high-frequency signal-averaged QRS duration (81.2 +/- 6.5 versus 65.7 +/- 2.9 ms, initially; p less than 0.05), and ventricular tachycardias (VTs), inducible by programmed electrical stimulation (PES). After the infusion of isradipine (1 microgram/kg/min for 30 min), the cardiac index increased from 92 +/- 14 to 133 +/- 8.7 ml/min.kg (p less than 0.02). Even at a higher heart rate, the PRP dropped from 12,600 +/- 1,900 to 10,560 +/- 1,400 mm Hg/min (p less than 0.05). Sustained monomorphic tachycardias were inducible in five pigs before and in three pigs after isradipine, and no deterioration of the signal-averaged electrocardiogram parameters was found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of isradipine on hemodynamic parameters and ventricular tachycardia in healed myocardial infarction. 168 21

To study the regulation of human salivary-type gene expression we developed cell culture systems to support the growth and serial cultivation of salivary gland epithelial and fibroblastic cell types. We have established 22 independent salivary gland epithelial cell strains from parotid or submandibular glands of human or macaque origin. Nineteen strains were derived from normal tissues and three from human parotid gland tumors. Both the normal and the tumor-derived salivary gland epithelial cells could be serially cultivated with the aid of a 3T3 fibroblast feeder layer in a mixture of Ham's F12 and Dulbecco's modified Eagle's media supplemented with fetal bovine serum, calcium, cholera toxin, hydrocortisone, insulin, and epidermal growth factor. Salivary gland epithelial cells cultured under these conditions conditioned to express the genes for at least two acinar-cell-specific markers at early passages. Amylase enzyme activity was detected in conditioned media from cultured rhesus parotid epithelial cells as late as Passage 5. Proline-rich-protein-specific RNAs were detected in primary cultures of both rhesus and human parotid epithelial cells. Neither amylase enzyme activity nor PRP-specific RNAs were detected in fibroblasts isolated from the same tissues. In addition, salivary gland epithelial cells cultured under our conditions retain the capacity to undergo dramatic morphologic changes in response to different substrata. The cultured salivary gland epithelial cells we have established will be important tools for the study of salivary gland differentiation and the tissue-specific regulation of salivary-type gene expression.
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PMID:Serial cultivation of epithelial cells from human and macaque salivary glands. 172 8

Antibodies directed against the capsular polysaccharide (polyribosyl ribitol phosphate [PRP]) or the outer membrane proteins (OMP) of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) promote bactericidal activity, complement 3 (C3) binding, and ingestion by phagocytic cells. To assess the relative contribution of anti-OMP to host defense against Hib, we compared the opsonic activities of anti-PRP and anti-OMP as reflected by the amounts of C3 bound to the bacterial surface. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) fractions containing either anti-PRP or anti-OMP were incubated with Hib in the presence of a C5-deficient complement source. C3, total IgG, and IgG subclasses bound to the bacteria were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The maximum amount of C3 which could be bound to Hib was greater in the presence of anti-PRP than in the presence of anti-OMP. Also, except at low IgG concentrations, the rate of increase in bound C3 as a function of increasing IgG concentration was greater for anti-PRP than for anti-OMP. Hib-bound anti-OMP consisted primarily of IgG1 and IgG3, whereas bound anti-PRP was primarily IgG1 and IgG2. Thus, the potential for C3 binding to Hib is greater in the presence of anti-PRP than in the presence of anti-OMP, probably because of the larger number of binding sites available to the former. Nonetheless, OMP appear to provide important targets for opsonic antibody and would be logical components of a PRP-conjugate vaccine or may be efficacious as vaccines against nontypeable H. influenzae.
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PMID:Complement component 3 binding to Haemophilus influenzae type b in the presence of anticapsular and anti-outer membrane antibodies. 172 83

It has been reported previously that platelet concentrates (PCs) prepared from buffy coat pools diluted in a simple, glucose-free medium (BC-PCs) are effective in thrombocytopenic patients after 4 to 12 days of storage. Such preparations produce platelet increments similar to those of traditional PCs prepared from platelet-rich plasma (PRP-PCs) stored for 1 to 3 days. The purpose of this study was to obtain a series of in vitro measurements during storage to allow a more detailed characterization of BC-PCs and a more detailed comparison of BC-PCs with PRP-PCs. At the beginning of storage, the level of (alpha granule membrane protein-140 (GMP-140), a marker of platelet activation, was significantly higher on PRP-PC platelets, and BC-PCs were superior in measurements reflecting platelet function, such as osmotic reversal, ATP release, and aggregation with collagen. Compared to PRP-PCs, BC-PCs were superior in the percentage of discs, total ATP, and glycoprotein lb expression by Day 7. This superiority became more striking on Day 11. Overall, 15-day-old BC-PCs compared favorably to 7-day old PRP-PCs: BC-PCs were superior in ATP release and aggregation with collagen, but they were not significantly different for all other measurements reflecting platelet quality and function. Thus, the quality of platelets in BC-PCs was superior on Day 1, and this superiority progressed as storage continued. In addition, the metabolism of BC-PCs was favorable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Platelet quality after 15-day storage of platelet concentrates prepared from buffy coats and stored in a glucose-free crystalloid medium. 173 33

We performed a double-blind, randomized trial to compare the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of four conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines given to infants 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Adverse reactions attributable to the vaccines were few and minor. The rates of systemic reactions did not differ among the various vaccines and were similar to those seen among children receiving conventional diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine. However, the four conjugate H. influenzae type b vaccines differed markedly in ability to stimulate antibody production. Mean antibody levels after three injections of polyribosylribitol phosphate conjugated with mutant diphtheria protein (PRP-CRM) or polyribosylribitol phosphate conjugated with tetanus toxoid (PRP-T) were 3.08 micrograms/ml and 3.64 micrograms/ml, respectively, significantly higher than those after the use of polyribosylribitol phosphate conjugated with outer-membrane protein of Neisseria meningitidis (PRP-OMP) (1.14 micrograms/ml) or polyribosylribitol phosphate conjugated with diphtheria toxoid (PRP-D) (0.28 microgram/ml). Only PRP-OMP produced a clinically pertinent elevation in antibody level after two injections (0.84 microgram/ml); the third injection of PRP-OMP produced a modest but statistically significant further elevation in mean antibody level (1.14 micrograms/ml). Only 29% of infants receiving PRP-D had antibody levels of 1 micrograms/ml, compared with 55%, 75%, and 83% of those receiving PRP-OMP, PRP-CRM, and PRP-T, respectively. We conclude that all four vaccines are safe and that all but PRP-D appear appropriate for use in a primary immunization series during infancy. The unique serologic response to PRP-OMP offers both advantages and disadvantages in comparison with PRP-CRM and PRP-T.
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PMID:Comparative trial in infants of four conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines. 162 87

To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of subcutaneously administered PRP and PRP-D, one hundred and one healthy 15 to 17 month-old children were randomly assigned to receive two subcutaneous doses, 2 months apart, of either vaccine. The incidence of local and systemic reactions did not differ significantly between the two groups. PRP antibody levels in the pre-immunization sera of 95% of subjects were below the level associated with immediate protection from Hib disease (less than 0.15 microgram/ml). After the first dose, 32% of PRP and 70% of PRP-D (p less than 0.001) recipients achieved antibody levels of greater than or equal to 0.15 microgram/ml, and 8% and 26% (p = 0.003) respectively achieved levels greater than or equal to 1 microgram/ml, a level believed to predict long-term protection. After the second dose, antibody levels greater than or equal to 0.15 microgram/ml were reached in 38% of PRP and 88% of PRP-D (p less than 0.001) recipients and levels of greater than or equal to 1 microgram/ml were reached in 22% and 78% respectively (p less than 0.001). The geometric mean levels of PRP antibody after immunization were significantly higher in the PRP-D group after both the first and second doses (p less than 0.001). These results suggest that subcutaneous administration of both vaccines is safe, but PRP-D results in significantly higher antibody levels compared to PRP. The levels were lower than what has been reported following intramuscular administration.
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PMID:Safety and immunogenicity of subcutaneous H. influenzae vaccines in 15-17 month-old children. 174 15


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