Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: HUMANGGP:001400 (PRP)
 1,320 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Synthetic oligosaccharides derived from the capsular polysaccharide (PRP) of Haemophilus influenzae type b were conjugated to carrier proteins via a thioether linkage. Conjugates were made of trimeric and tetrameric ribose-ribitol-phosphate and tetanus toxoid or diphtheria toxin. All conjugates elicited anti-PRP antibody responses with an increasing immunoglobulin G/immunoglobulin M ratio in adult mice and monkeys. Trimer conjugates elicited lower anti-PRP antibody responses compared with tetramer conjugates. Adult monkeys responded equally well to the tetrameric oligosaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate as to the oligosaccharide-CRM197 conjugate (HbOC), which elicits protective levels of serum antibodies in human infants after two or three injections.
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PMID:Synthetic trimer and tetramer of 3-beta-D-ribose-(1-1)-D-ribitol-5-phosphate conjugated to protein induce antibody responses to Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide in mice and monkeys. 156 70

The present studies describe an inhibitory effect on fibrin polymerization by albumin fragments. When added to blood or plasma, SCMF or unreduced albumin CNBrF delayed clot formation, in sharp contrast to their acceleration of clotting of fibrinogen solutions. CNBrF inhibition was less marked than that of SCMF. The latter consistently prolonged the lag phase and decreased the opacity of fibrin in plasma, effects that could not be abolished by EDTA or by calcium chloride. Clots formed lacked elasticity in that clotting times were undetectable by mechanical probe in the absence of calcium. Estimated by clot free liquor, PRP clots decreased in size at much slower rates than controls and at complete retraction their volume remained at least threefold higher that of controls (n = 6). When fibrinogen was isolated from plasma or fibrinogen (approximately 5 mg/ml) solutions containing SCMF 1 to 5 mg/ml four SCMF coisolated with fibrinogen (n = 3 and n = 4, respectively), assessed by SDS-PAGE, and these could not be dissociated from fibrinogen by size exclusion chromatography (n = 2). Such fibrinogen isolates displayed prolonged clotting times, decreased clot opacity, and similarly abnormal reaggregation of their solubilized fibrin. In other experiments, limited human neutrophil elastase digestion produced large albumin fragments of which, examined unreduced, several fragments also bound to fibrin(ogen) and displayed this anticoagulant property (n = 2). These and related results suggest that the anticoagulant property is attributable at least in part to the largest SCMF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Anticoagulant albumin fragments that bind to fibrinogen/fibrin: possible implications. 157 16

The immunogenicity and safety of a new Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine, PRP-T, was studied in 107 infants from the Oxford district. The vaccine was given concurrently with diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and polio vaccines at 2, 3, and 4 months of age. Symptoms after immunisation were recorded by a parent. Sera were obtained before the first immunisation and at 5 months of age and the antibodies were measured by both radioimmunoassay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No serious adverse reactions were observed and there was no increase in the incidence of expected minor side effects. By radioimmunoassay, the geometric mean titre of serum anticapsular antibody increased from 0.09 micrograms/ml before immunisation to 5.01 micrograms/ml after three immunisations. Ninety eight per cent of children had antibody concentrations consistent with protection (greater than or equal to 0.15 micrograms/ml). IgG antibody concentrations measured by ELISA correlated well with total antibody concentrations measured by radioimmunoassay (r = 0.864). These results provide encouragement that routine immunisation against H influenzae type b at 2, 3, and 4 months of age, could prevent most cases of disease in children in the UK.
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PMID:Immunogenicity and safety of PRP-T conjugate vaccine given according to the British accelerated immunisation schedule. 158 Jun 74

Maternal immunization with the capsular polysaccharide (PRP) vaccine of Haemophilus influenzae type b has been shown to extend the time that protective levels of maternal antibody are detected in infants. In a randomized, blinded trial, PRP or placebo was administered uneventfully to 213 women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Infants born to PRP recipients had significantly higher levels of antibody to PRP than did infants born to placebo recipients: 2.73 micrograms/ml compared with 0.33 microgram/ml. It was estimated that infants of mothers who received the PRP vaccine would be protected for an average of 4 months compared to an average of only 2 months for those of mothers who received placebo. Infants were followed for invasive H. influenzae type b disease through the first year of life; none was detected.
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PMID:Maternal immunization with the capsular polysaccharide vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae type b. 158 47

The first Finnish trial with Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine was conducted during 1973-1974. It demonstrated that the polysaccharide vaccine was 90% efficacious in children greater than or equal to 18-24 months old. The immunologically superior polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines have been used since 1986 in randomized trials. The PRP-D vaccine (polysaccharide conjugated to diphtheria toxoid) was 90% efficacious when given at 3, 4, and 6 months of age to 58,000 infants. In 1988-1989, the PRP-D vaccine was compared with the HbOC vaccine (oligosaccharide conjugated to CRM197 protein). Follow-up is continuing, but both vaccines seem to be efficacious after two doses in infancy.
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PMID:Finnish efficacy trials with Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines. 158 48

Between February 1988 and June 1990, the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) oligosaccharide conjugate (HbOC) vaccine was evaluated in a prelicensure trial of 61,080 children. HbOC was found to be safe and immunogenic in infancy. Extended follow-up revealed that as of 31 December 1990, 30 cases of invasive Hib disease had occurred in 74,699 children; 26 were in unvaccinated children and 4 in children who had received only one dose. No disease occurred in children who had received two or three doses. By 30 September 1991, another case had occurred in an unvaccinated child. Comparison of these efficacy data with those of Hib capsular polysaccharide-outer membrane protein conjugate vaccine (PRP-OMP) reveals that both were effective in preventing disease in the first year of life. However, the small cohort in the PRP-OMP study did not allow demonstration of duration of protection beyond 1 year. Ongoing surveillance in larger populations is necessary to allow comparison of the duration of immunity provided by these vaccines.
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PMID:Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in infancy of oligosaccharide conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in a United States population: possible implications for optimal use. 158 49

Prospective surveillance of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease has been done since 1981 in two high-risk populations, White Mountain Apaches and Navajos. The attack rate in children less than 5 years of age is 5-10 times higher than in the general US population. Three vaccines were evaluated. Unconjugated Hib capsular polysaccharide produced lower antibody responses in 18- and 24-month-old Apache infants than in white infants. HbOC (Hib oligosaccharide covalently linked to the nontoxic mutant diphtheria toxin CRM197) produced low antibody responses in Navajo infants after one or two doses but induced responses similar to those in whites after three doses. The responses of 18-month-old Navajos to HbOC were lower than those of whites, but most achieved protective levels. PRP-OMP (Hib capsular polysaccharide linked to the outer membrane protein complex of Neisseria meningitidis) produced good immune responses in 2-month-old Navajo and Apache infants after a single dose. This vaccine was greater than 90% efficacious in protecting Navajo infants from Hib disease when given at 2 and 4 months of age. Even a single dose achieved a high protective efficacy.
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PMID:Prevention of Haemophilus influenzae type b infections in Apache and Navajo children. 158 50

The effect of severe reduction of cytosolic adenine nucleotide (AdN) pool and [ATP]/[ADP] ratio (by 2-deoxyglucose treatment) on functional and metabolic responses of isovolumic rat heart to increased energy demand induced by coronary flow (CF) rise and isoproterenol (Iso) addition has been investigated. AdN-depleted hearts had reduced phosphocreatine (PCr, by 80%), ATP (by 75%), [ATP]/[ADP] (24 times) and pressure-rate product (PRP, by 60%). An elevation of CF was followed by the increase in PRP in control and AdN-depleted hearts by 40-45% with unchanged metabolic parameters. At increased CF, Iso caused a further rise in PRP in both groups due to elevation of heart rate; however maximal levels of PRP in the AdN-depleted group still remained lower than that of control (by 40%). Only in control experiments was Iso addition accompanied by an increase in the difference between left-ventricular end- and minimal diastolic pressure, cytosolic [Pi] and [ADP], and some decrease in PCr and [ATP]/[ADP]. These data imply that severely reduced cytosolic [ATP]/[ADP] does not prevent acceleration of Ca2+ turnover by Iso in cardiomyocytes, it but restricts maximal force development affecting the myofibrils.
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PMID:Adrenergic stimulation of rat hearts with severely reduced cytosolic adenine nucleotide pool and [ATP]/[ADP]ratio. 159 Jul 36

A randomized, controlled comparison was made in 175 healthy 18-month-old children given either diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine, adsorbed (DTP) and haemophilus b diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (PRP/D) concurrently at separate sites (66 children) or a new vaccine combining these products (109 children). Rates of local or systemic adverse effects postimmunization and antibody responses to each component did not differ significantly between groups. DTP-containing vaccines were better tolerated when given in the thigh than in the arm. The combination DTP-PRP/D vaccine performed satisfactorily at 18 months of age, avoiding the inconvenience of two injections.
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PMID:Controlled trial of Haemophilus influenzae type B diphtheria toxoid conjugate combined with diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccines, in 18-month-old children, including comparison of arm versus thigh injection. 160 48

Transurethral incision and posterior resection of the prostate (TUI-PRP) is described and used to overcome my three concerns in performing transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP). The favorable result from TUI-PRP is presented.
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PMID:Transurethral incision and posterior resection of prostate (TUI-PRP) for selected patients with benign obstructive prostatic disease. 161 95


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