Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: HUMANGGP:001400 (PRP)
 1,320 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have investigated the temporal expression and cellular localization of the c-jun proto-oncogene and two major rat parotid gland secretory protein genes, PRP (proline-rich protein) and amylase, during postnatal development. c-jun mRNA steady-state levels increased at days 1, 7 and 14 after birth and decreased to basal levels at 21 days and older. PRP mRNA was first detected at 14 days and abruptly increased to adult levels at day 21. Amylase transcripts were first seen at day 7 and progressively increased to adult levels by 28 days. In situ hybridization demonstrated c-jun mRNA accumulation in the differentiating acinar cells and the ducts. The c-jun mRNA accumulation with time corresponds with the proliferative activity reported to occur in these two cellular populations. PRP transcripts were present exclusively in the well differentiated acinar cells while the accumulation of amylase mRNA corresponded to the progressive commitment of parotid cells to acinar differentiation. Our data suggest that during the postnatal development of the rat parotid gland: (a) c-jun expression associates with parotid gland proliferation and precedes the expression of PRP and amylase genes, and (b) activation of PRP and amylase genes is not concomitant and apparently occurs only in differentiating acinar cells.
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PMID:Reciprocal expression of c-jun, proline-rich protein and amylase genes during rat parotid salivary gland development. 128 Nov 29

PRP methods for production of WBC-poor red blood cell (RBCC) and platelet concentrates (PC) are investigated using top-and-bottom bags and Optipress separators. A standard centrifugation method (profile A) and 2 methods (profiles B and C) for a computer run centrifugation using 21 (profile B) or 19 (profile C) varying time segments and g numbers. An MS-DOS-compatible personal computer runs a Cryofuge 6000. 500 ml fresh whole blood are collected in triple and/or quadruple top-and-bottom blood bags. Samples of 163 blood donors, 163 RBCCs and 161 PCs are analyzed by a Coulter Counter T 540. Blood smears of 5 RBCCs made by profile B are evaluated. Mean WBC contamination of RBCCs produced by profiles A, B and C is found to be lower than 5 x 10(8)/RBCC. None of the 5 blood smears can be counted out completely. The full number of 100 WBCs is not detected. All WBCs found are polymorphous nuclear cells. Mononuclear cells (MNC) are not evident. PCs produced by profile B contain a mean platelet yield of (76.4 +/- 21.2) x 10(9)/PC and a WBC contamination of (1.2 +/- 0.7) x 10(7)/PC. The PCs of profile B differ significantly (p < 0.001) from those of profile A and profile C. The results show a high quality of RBCC and PC produced by PRP methods using top-and-bottom blood bags and Optipress separators. Employing a computer run centrifuge, PC and RBCC contain a similar WBC contamination compared with concentrates produced by buffy coat methods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Procedure for production of leukocyte depleted erythrocyte and thrombocyte concentrates (PRP method) using top and bottom bags, Optipress automated separators and a computer controlled Cryofuge 6000]. 128 86

A high performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of chlortetracycline (CTC) using postcolumn fluorescence detection has been developed. After chromatographic separation of CTC on a polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer column, a highly fluorescent derivative isochlortetracycline (iso-CTC) was formed postcolumn in an on-line reaction coil with the addition of 25% NaOH (w/v). Chromatographic separation was achieved on a PRP-1 column, 15 cm x 4.6 mm, with 27:73 acetonitrile:0.2% perchloric acid (v/v), at 1.0 mL/min. Fluorescence derivatization was achieved by the on-line addition of 25% NaOH (w/v), at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min, into the column eluant in a post-column reaction coil. The reaction coil was 9 m of teflon (1/16 in o.d., 0.3 mm i.d.) knitted into a six-sided coil. The fluorescent derivative was detected at lambda ex 355 nm and lambda em > 389 nm. Using this method after a simple sample cleanup, CTC can be detected in milk at 0.04 micrograms/mL, which is comparable to that obtained by microbiological assays. The detection method was linear between 0.02 micrograms/mL and 4 micrograms/mL. Because of the chromatographic separation, the method is more selective than microbiological assays and more sensitive than ultraviolet detection. With the chromatographic system described, the keto tautomeric forms of CTC and 4-epi-CTC are separated in a system which minimizes their formation on-column. In acidic aqueous organic solutions, the keto tautomer of CTC is the only product formed to any significant amount.
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PMID:Analysis of chlortetracycline by high performance liquid chromatography with postcolumn alkaline-induced fluorescence detection. 128 90

Twenty-one diabetics who had had bilateral retinal panphotocoagulation preserving a visual acuity sufficient to pass the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Centre (DVLC) requirements were assessed with regard to their ability to satisfy the DVLC visual field requirements. Of the 19 patients treated with the laser alone, 17 met the requirements for a licence to drive a private vehicle. The use of the Xenon photocoagulator and large total burn area following laser was found to be associated with an increased risk of DVLC field test failure. Adequate PRP with 200 micron burns appeared to induce neovascular regression and be compatible with passing the DVLC field regulations in many patients. Panphotocoagulation of patients with early proliferative retinopathy using 200 micron burns does not appear to jeopardise a driving licence. Guidelines for laser treatment in diabetic retinopathy aimed at preserving the driving field are presented.
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PMID:Passing the DVLC field regulations following bilateral pan-retinal photocoagulation in diabetics. 128 5

1. The primordial GRF may have arisen quite early in evolutionary history, at or prior to (i.e. should immunoreactivity data be confirmed in invertebrates) the appearance of jawed vertebrates (Gnathostomates). A common evolutionary pathway using gene duplication may have been utilized to generate the GRF super-family of peptides. As most members of this peptide superfamily are produced in the gastrointestinal tract, the question is posed whether the GRF may have similar origins. 2. It is suggested that the GRF superfamily has two major branches: a) GRF; PRP/PACAP; VIP/PHI; secretin and b) Glucagon/GLP-1/GLP-2. GIP is likely to be a member of the glucagon branch. The two branches may be attributable to gene duplication encoding an ancestral molecule. These gene duplications are likely to have occurred prior to the evolution of vertebrates (conservatively 400-500 million years ago, and possibly 1 billion years ago). It is probable that peptides homologous to GRF, VIP and glucagon will be isolated from invertebrates. These invertebrate sequences will shed further light upon the evolution of this peptide superfamily. 3. Throughout the GRF superfamily, amphiphilic alpha-helical secondary structures represent preferred bioactive conformations. It is assumed that stable, ordered secondary structures conferring enhanced ligand-receptor interactions were conserved due to selective pressures. 4. It is well documented that hypothalamic GRF stimulates adenohypophyseal GH secretion in a variety of species. Thus far, the physiological effects of GRF have been attributed thus to the elevation of GH, and possibly also IGF-I. Recent data suggests a more liberal view; that GRF may also have direct actions in fetal/placental development, reproduction and immune function. Furthermore these direct effects may be mediated via GRF from either hypothalamic or extrahypothalamic (e.g. placenta, testes, ovary, leukocyte) sources. In conclusion, a great wealth of information has accumulated since the discovery of GRF. Examination of the GRF peptide superfamily from an evolutionary perspective has revealed new insights into the synthesis, processing, degradation, conformation and activities of these molecules. Knowledge obtained from these evolutionary comparisons has also become particularly useful in contemporary peptide drug design, which may be liberally viewed as a form of 'artificial evolution' (i.e. the selective pressure being clinical/veterinary requirements for more potent, long-acting GRF analogs).
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PMID:Evolution of the growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) family of peptides. 129 Sep 54

To characterize parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in the human placenta, we measured PTHrP-like immunoreactivity (PRP-LI) in the term placenta and studied the elution profiles of placental tissue extracts on Sephadex G-75 chromatography with a specific RIA. We also examined the gene expression of PTHrP mRNA by Northern blot analysis and the localization of PRP-LI in the placenta by immunohistochemistry. The amount of PRP-LI in placental extracts (n = 7) was 20.9 +/- 2.2 pg/g wet tissue (mean +/- SE). Dilution curves of placental tissue ran parallel to those of synthetic PTHrP (1-34) standards. Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography demonstrated two major PRP-LI peaks; the first peak was eluted around the molecular size between 10 kilodaltons (Kda) and 20 Kda and the other around 5 Kda. Northern blot analysis of PTHrP mRNA extracted from placental tissues showed a major hybridization signal around 18S. PTHrP immunohistochemistry showed PRP-LI staining in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts and stroma cells (Hofbauer cells) in the term placenta. These results suggest that syncytiotrophoblasts and stroma cells in the term placenta synthesize PTHrP in two major molecular forms, 10 Kda-20 Kda and around 5 Kda.
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PMID:Characterization of parathyroid hormone-related protein in the human term placenta. 129 73

Rhynchophylline (Rhy) inhibited rabbit platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA), collagen, and ADP. The values of IC50 were 0.72, 0.74, and 0.67 mmol.L-1, respectively. Rhy reduced the thromboxane B2 (TXB2) generation in PRP induced by collagen but failed to reduce that induced by AA. Rhy suppressed malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in platelet suspension stimulated by thrombin, inhibited the platelet factor 4 (PF4) release. It did not alter intraplatelet cAMP concentration. Rhy 10-20 mg.kg-1 iv showed a significant inhibition of venous thrombosis and cerebral thrombosis in rats.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect of rhynchophylline on platelet aggregation and thrombosis. 131 85

We have studied the effects of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 15 micrograms) on pulmonary endothelial ectoenzyme [angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and 5'-nucleotidase (NCT)] function in isolated rabbit lungs perfused in situ with platelet-poor (PPP) or platelet-rich (PRP) plasma in the presence or absence of neutrophils. Enzyme activities were estimated from the hydrolysis of the substrates [3H]benzoyl-Phe-Ala-Pro ([3H]BPAP) by ACE and 14C-labeled AMP by NCT during a single transpulmonary passage, using indicator-dilution techniques. In all treatment groups PMA produced a delayed increase in pulmonary vascular resistance to about three times the control value. PMA alone [in lungs perfused with PPP (n = 5 animals) or PRP (n = 6)] or neutrophils alone (in PPP-perfused lungs, n = 5) had no effect on enzyme activity. However, PMA-activated neutrophils (n = 5) decreased percent metabolism (%M) of [3H]BPAP from 87 +/- 3 to 77 +/- 4% (30 min after PMA), and the apparent first-order parameter [ratio of maximum activity to Michaelis constant (Amax/Km)] for ACE from 821 +/- 114 to 613 +/- 61 ml/min (30 min after PMA). At the same time, Km values of BPAP for ACE and AMP for NCT were elevated from 9.2 +/- 2.2 to 19.3 +/- 3 microM and 6.7 +/- 1.2 to 15.1 +/- 3.6 microM, respectively, whereas Amax (product of enzyme mass and rate of product formation, thus an index of perfused microvascular surface area) did not change.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:PMA-activated neutrophils decrease pulmonary endothelial ectoenzyme activities in perfused rabbit lungs. 133 99

Mortality from meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a disease that affects mainly infants and young children, can reach 5% in industrialised countries and ten times that in non-industrialised countries. To determine the efficacy of vaccination against Hib, we carried out a retrospective survey of the incidence of Hib meningitis over five decades in the Greater Helsinki area of Finland, where all children with bacterial meningitis are treated in one of three centres. Except for a meningococcal epidemic in the early 1970s, Hib was the leading cause of childhood bacterial meningitis until the Hib conjugate vaccines changed the picture profoundly. In 1986-87 the polysaccharide-diphtheria toxoid conjugate (PRP-D) was given experimentally to 50% of infants. In 1988-89 all infants were vaccinated, 50% with PRP-D, 50% with another conjugate vaccine, the oligosaccharide-CRM197 protein conjugate (HbOC). Since 1990 a third conjugate vaccine, the polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid (PRP-T), has been administered routinely to all infants. The vaccines were administered at age 3-6 months, with a booster dose at 14-18 months. In the first 5 years of the Hib vaccination programme the number of cases of Hib meningitis in children aged 0-4 years fell sharply, from 30 in 1986 (the first year of the programme) to none in 1991. The decline contrasts sharply with the rising trend up to the mid 1980s. Vaccination seems to be the only explanation for the observed change in the epidemiology of Hib meningitis.
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PMID:Rapid disappearance of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis after routine childhood immunisation with conjugate vaccines. 135 65

Treatment of perfused rat hearts with 0.5 mM iodoacetamide (IAAm) for 15 min at different workloads resulting in a nearly complete inhibition of creatine kinase (CK, 99%) was followed by a rapid decline of the phosphocreatine (PCr) level (30%) and a 2-fold increase of the P(i) level which then stabilized. Conversely, the ATP content started to drop monotonously at the beginning of the IAAm washout and reached 30% 90 min after the IAAm removal under medium load. Under low workload the ATP decay occurred at later periods. Neither the ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration in skinned fibers, nor the Ca(2+)-stimulated ATPase activity of myofibrils was affected by IAAm treatment. The sensitivity of the resting tension of skinned fibers to Ca2+ tended to a slight increase. The cardiac work index (PRP-pressure-rate product) decreased by 25%, while the end diastolic pressure (EDP) rose by 15 mm Hg when IAAm acted under medium load. In contrast, under low work these parameters were practically stable. The hearts poisoned with IAAm performed a two times lower maximal work and had reduced (by 35%) oxygen consumption rates. The efficiency of energy utilization for mechanical work decreased by 40%. The changes in PRP and EDP correlated with the cytosolic [ATP]/[ADP] ratio in such a way that the decrease in the latter was associated with a decrease in PRP and the elevation of EDP. These data suggest that the creatine kinase system is necessary for the effective translation of a high [ATP]/[ADP] ratio from the intermembrane space of mitochondria to the cytoplasm, myofibrils and ionic pumps. This provides a high level of mechanical work and good relaxation of the left ventricle and protects cytosolic adenine nucleotides from the breakdown.
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PMID:[Metabolic and functional consequences of complete inhibition of creatine kinase by iodoacetamide in the perfused heart]. 138 56


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