Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:6.4.1.2 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase)
 2,876 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The enzyme activities responsible for carboxylation reactions in cell extracts of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori have been studied by H14CO3- fixation and spectrophotometric assays. Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2) and malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) activities were detected, whereas pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.3.1) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.49) activities were absent. However, a pyruvate-dependent, ATP-independent, and avidin-insensitive H14CO3- fixation activity, which was shown to be due to the isotope exchange reaction of pyruvate:flavodoxin oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.7.1), was present. The purified enzyme is composed of four subunits of 47, 36, 24, and 14 kDa. N-terminal sequence analysis showed that this enzyme is related to a recently recognized group of four-subunit pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductases previously known only from hyperthermophiles. This enzyme from H. pylori was found to mediate the reduction of a number of artificial electron acceptors in addition to a flavodoxin isolated from H. pylori extracts, which is likely to be the in vivo electron acceptor. Indirect evidence that the enzyme is capable of in vitro reduction of the anti-H. pylori drug metronidazole was also obtained.
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PMID:Identification of carboxylation enzymes and characterization of a novel four-subunit pyruvate:flavodoxin oxidoreductase from Helicobacter pylori. 760 66

Biodiesel production using microalgae would play a pivotal role in satisfying future global energy demands. Understanding of lipid metabolism in microalgae is important to isolate oleaginous strain capable of overproducing lipids. It has been reported that reducing starch biosynthesis can enhance lipid accumulation. However, the metabolic mechanism controlling carbon partitioning from starch to lipids in microalgae remains unclear, thus complicating the genetic engineering of algal strains. We here used "dynamic" metabolic profiling and essential transcription analysis of the oleaginous green alga Chlamydomonas sp. JSC4 for the first time to demonstrate the switching mechanisms from starch to lipid synthesis using salinity as a regulator, and identified the metabolic rate-limiting step for enhancing lipid accumulation (e.g., pyruvate-to-acetyl-CoA). These results, showing salinity-induced starch-to-lipid biosynthesis, will help increase our understanding of dynamic carbon partitioning in oleaginous microalgae. Moreover, we successfully determined the changes of several key lipid-synthesis-related genes (e.g., acetyl-CoA carboxylase, pyruvate decarboxylase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, acetyl-CoA synthetase and pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase) and starch-degradation related genes (e.g., starch phosphorylases), which could provide a breakthrough in the marine microalgal production of biodiesel.
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PMID:Dynamic metabolic profiling together with transcription analysis reveals salinity-induced starch-to-lipid biosynthesis in alga Chlamydomonas sp. JSC4. 2837 98

This study investigated the chemical and genetic mechanisms of anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge (WAS) with CaO2 addition at ambient temperature. The microbial community structures, key microorganisms, functional profiles and related carbohydrate-active enzymes were further revealed according to metagenomic sequencing combining with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results showed that the prolonged period of alkaline condition generated from CaO2 contributed significantly to the continuous destruction of WAS, and the oxidative environment caused by CaO2 further enhanced flocs dissolution. This synergistic effect also significantly changed the microbial community. Oxidation contributed more than the alkaline condition to the decline of microbial diversity, while the effect of alkaline condition was greater than that of oxidation in the change of microbial community structure. The key enhanced genes associated with fatty acid biosynthesis pathways with CaO2 addition were highlighted. Three kinds of high-abundance acetyl-CoA carboxylase genes and eleven kinds of synthetase, hydrolase, lyase and oxidoreductase genes promoted by CaO2 were distributed throughout each branch of fatty acid biosynthesis pathway (ko00061). Moreover, carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs) and glycoside hydrolases (GHs) were the top two carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) improved by CaO2 addition. CaO2 can also effectively promote the function of lysozyme and the metabolism of several monosaccharides. This work provides a deep insight into the advantage of CaO2 in promoting sludge solubilization and acidification at the genetic levels, thus expanding the application of CaO2 in sludge treatment and resource recovery.
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PMID:Metagenomic characterization of the enhanced performance of anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge with CaO2 addition at ambient temperature: Fatty acid biosynthesis metabolic pathway and CAZymes. 3181 14