Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:6.4.1.2 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase)
 2,876 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lipid metabolism in hormone-dependent (HD) GR mouse mammary tumors was compared to that in hormone-independent (HI) tumors and normal mammary tissues. HD tumors, like normal mammary tissue but unlike HI tumors, synthesized medium-chain-length fatty acids (MCFA). However, when treated with hormones (estrone and progesterone), the HI tumors were induced to produce MCFA. The activity of thioesterase II correlated positively with the synthesis of MCFA and was influenced by the hormones administered. The activities of NADP+-linked malate dehydrogenase, citrate lyase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthetase, although lower in tumors than in normal glands, were not different in HD as compared to HI tumors. Whereas the predominating lipids synthesized in normal glands were triglycerides, phospholipids comprised about half of the lipid synthesized in the tumors, with no difference between HD and HI tumors. The conversion of D-[U-14C]glucose to 14CO2 was higher in HD tumors than in HI tumors but increased in HI tumors treated with hormones in vivo. By a comparison of the 14CO2 produced from D-[1-14C]glucose and from D-[6-14C]glucose in the presence and absence of an electron acceptor (methylene blue), it was demonstrated that regeneration of NADP+ from NADPH was a rate-limiting step for the pentose phosphate pathway in the tumors. Hence, while differences in the lipid metabolism can be demonstrated between HD and HI GR mouse mammary tumors, some of the changes are due to the hormone treatment rather than to a specific alteration in the tumor itself.
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PMID:Lipid metabolism and enzyme activities in hormone-dependent and hormone-independent mammary adenocarcinoma in GR mice. 308 11

Subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were obtained by biopsy technique and at slaughter from steers fed either a corn concentrate or pelleted alfalfa (roughage) diet. Steers fed the roughage diet had slightly greater metabolizable energy intakes than the concentrate-fed steers due to greater rates of feed intake; however, steers fed the concentrate diet had faster rates of gain, primarily in the fat depots. Diet had no effect on the incorporation of 14C-labeled acetate and lactate into fatty acids, although 3H2O incorporation into fatty acids was greater in the concentrate-fed steers. Although backfat thickness was 60% greater in the concentrate-fed steers, the number of adipocytes per gram adipose tissue was unaffected by diet, suggesting adipose cell hyperplasia. The activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthetase, ATP citrate lyase, NADP+ malate dehydrogenase, and hexokinase were greater in the steers fed the concentrate diet; pyruvate kinase activity was unaffected by diet. Fatty acid synthesis and several lipogenic enzyme activities increased with age and then declined markedly by the time of the terminal biopsy. Basal and net rates of lipolysis generally were unaffected by diet but increased with age of the animal. As the animals gained weight, the ratio of net fatty acids released to glycerol released decreased, suggesting more extensive reesterification of fatty acids released during lipolysis.
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PMID:Interrelationships among diet, age, fat deposition and lipid metabolism in growing steers. 669 76

Crossbred steers (seven to nine per treatment) fed a pelleted alfalfa hay diet were biopsied (preinfusion) to obtain subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Five days later a continuous intravenous infusion was begun of either 0.9% NaCl, glucose (2.75 moles/day), DL-lactate (5.5 moles/day of L-lactate), propionate (5.5 moles/day) or acetate (8.25 moles/day); after infusion for 14 days, a second biopsy sample of SAT was obtained. Glucose and DL-lactate infusion increased acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity about 12-fold compared to preinfusion activity of 5.3 +/- 4.2 nmoles/minute/g of wet weight. Glucose infusion induced activities of fatty acid synthetase (2.6 fold) and NADP+-malate dehydrogenase (7-fold) relative to preinfusion activities of 26.8 +/- 5.2 and 30.3 +/- 15.5 nmoles/minute/g of wet weight, respectively. Glucose, DL-lactate and propionate infusion increased NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase activity 20-30% compared to preinfusion activity. Activity of NAD-malate dehydrogenase was not altered by any infusion treatment (P > 0.05). Activity of ATP-citrate lyase was decreased 48% by lactate infusion. Glucose, lactate and propionate infusion increased the rates of lactate and glucose incorporation into fatty acids in SAT incubated in vitro three to fourfold over preinfusion incorporation rates. Increased availability of glucose or gluconeogenic precursors may be responsible for induction of lipogenesis in steers fed high concentrate diets.
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PMID:Effects of intravenous infusions of glucose, lactate, propionate or acetate on the induction of lipogenesis in bovine adipose tissue. 742 Feb 5