Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:6.4.1.2 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase)
 2,876 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Genetically obese (ob/ob) mice display a variety of metabolic differences from lean litter mates. In the obese state, fatty acid desaturation-elongation in brown adipose tissue mitochondria is apparently altered, resulting in differences in membrane fatty acid composition. This change in membrane lipid environment appears to influence GDP binding and therefore the activity of the proton conductance pathway associated with regulation of energy expenditure in these animals. In liver, binding of insulin to the nuclear membrane is increased by feeding a high polyunsaturated/saturated (P/S) diet fat. Consumption of a high P/S diet decreased mRNA levels for fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, malic enzyme, and pyruvate kinase in obese and lean animals. Expression of mRNA for these lipogenic enzymes was higher in obese animals and suggests that obese mice may be resistant to polyunsaturated fatty acid feedback control of gene expression.
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PMID:Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids in obese mice. 872 88

Menopause is associated with increased visceral adiposity and disrupted glucose homeostasis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms related to these metabolic changes are still elusive. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a key role in energy expenditure that may be regulated by sexual steroids, and alterations in glucose homeostasis could precede increased weight gain after ovariectomy. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the metabolic pathways in both the BAT and the liver that may be disrupted early after ovariectomy. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats had increased food efficiency as early as 12 days after ovariectomy, which could not be explained by differences in feces content. Analysis of isolated BAT mitochondria function revealed no differences in citrate synthase activity, uncoupling protein 1 expression, oxygen consumption, ATP synthesis, or heat production in OVX rats. The addition of GDP and BSA to inhibit uncoupling protein 1 decreased oxygen consumption in BAT mitochondria equally in both groups. Liver analysis revealed increased triglyceride content accompanied by decreased levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase and phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase in OVX animals. The elevated expression of gluconeogenic enzymes in OVX and OVX + estradiol rats was not associated with alterations in glucose tolerance test or in serum insulin but was coincident with higher glucose disposal during the pyruvate tolerance test. Although estradiol treatment prevented the ovariectomy-induced increase in body weight and hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol accumulation, it was not able to prevent increased gluconeogenesis. In conclusion, the disrupted liver glucose homeostasis after ovariectomy is neither caused by estradiol deficiency nor is related to increased body mass.
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PMID:A change in liver metabolism but not in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis is an early event in ovariectomy-induced obesity in rats. 2491 35