Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.4.1.2 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase)
 2,876 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The time courses and the regulation of lipogenic enzyme gene expression during development after birth have been investigated. The mRNA concentrations and activities of liver lipogenic enzymes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and ATP-citrate lyase) were very low in all the suckling rats, regardless of dietary fat of the mothers. After weaning to the same diet as the mothers, the mRNA and enzyme levels were greatly increased by the fat-free or hydrogenated fat diet but not so greatly increased by the corn or fish oil diet. The mRNA concentrations of all the groups reached maximum at 4-6 weeks old and then decreased, usually to 40-60% of the maximal levels. It appeared that the gene expression after weaning is subject to strong nutritional regulation, as well as developmental regulation. The plasma levels of triiodothyronine and insulin were low during suckling. Malic enzyme mRNA level was increased by triiodothyronine treatment even during suckling, but the absolute increase was much less than after weaning. Thus, the gene expression of lipogenic enzymes during suckling appeared to be suppressed by nutritional and hormonal regulation, or may not be sufficiently developed. On the other hand, the hepatic triacylglycerol levels were increased slightly at 2 weeks old and greatly at 3 weeks. As the gene expression of lipogenic enzymes was still low at that time, the major triacylglycerols appear to be obtained from milk and accumulated in preparation for weaning.
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PMID:Lipogenic enzyme gene expression in rat liver during development after birth. 810 37

In fetal lung the amounts of mRNAs encoding fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and ATP citrate lyase (ACL) increase in late gestation and drop around birth. To study the mechanism of the perinatal decrease, pregnancy was prolonged from 22 (term) to 25 days in rats with daily injections of progesterone. Progesterone did not affect the levels of lipogenic enzyme mRNAs in fetal lung prior to term, but significantly delayed the perinatal decrease in the levels of lung FAS and ACC mRNA. Although for ACL mRNA abundance the differences were not statistically significant, its pattern in the control and progesterone groups were similar to those of FAS and ACC mRNA. Malic enzyme mRNA did not change between 20 and 25 days after conception in either group. These results suggest that the decrease in FAS and ACC mRNA at term can be partially explained by labor, delivery, air-breathing or switch from carbohydrate to fat metabolism.
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PMID:Gene expression of fatty acid synthesizing enzymes in fetal rat lung in prolonged pregnancy. 853 72

The purpose of these experiments were to determine possible relationships between certain indices of lipid metabolism and specific gene expression in chickens fed graded levels of dietary crude protein. Male, broiler chickens growing from 7 to 28 days of age were fed diets containing 12 or 30% protein ad libitum. Both groups were then switched on day 28 to the diets containing the opposite level of protein. Birds were killed on day 28 (basal values prior to the switch) and at 12, 18 and 24 h post switch. Measurements taken included in vitro lipogenesis, malic enzyme activity the expression of the genes for malic enzyme, fatty acid synthase and acetyl coenzyme carboxylase. In vitro lipogenesis and malic enzyme activity were inversely related to dietary protein levels (12 to 30%) and to acute changes from 12 to 30%. Malic enzyme, fatty acid synthase and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase genes were constant over a dietary protein range of 12 to 21% as in previous experiments, but decreased by feeding a 30% protein diet in the present experiments (acute or chronic feeding). Results of the present study demonstrate a continued role for protein in the regulation of broiler metabolism. Metabolic regulation at the gene level only occurs when feeding very high levels of dietary protein.
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PMID:Short term changes in the expression of lipogenic genes in broilers (Gallus gallus). 1831 42

Malic enzyme (ME) plays a vital role in determining the extent of lipid accumulation in oleaginous fungi being the major provider of NADPH for the activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS). We report here the first direct evidence of the existence of a lipogenic multienzyme complex (the lipid metabolon) involving ME, FAS, ATP: citrate lyase (ACL), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), pyruvate carboxylase (PC) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in Cunninghamella bainieri 2A1. Cell-free extracts prepared from cells taken in both growth and lipid accumulation phases were prepared by protoplasting and subjected to Blue Native (BN)-PAGE coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A high molecular mass complex (approx. 3.2 MDa) consisting of the above enzymes was detected during lipid accumulation phase indicating positive evidence of multienzyme complex formation. The complex was not detected in cells during the balanced phase of growth or when lipid accumulation ceased, suggesting that it was transiently formed only during lipogenesis.
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PMID:First evidence for a multienzyme complex of lipid biosynthesis pathway enzymes in Cunninghamella bainieri. 2944 92