Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase)
 1,516 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Important biological activities could be affected in metal exposed species, and amongthe main physiological functions, immunity may provide one (or more) effector(s) which expression can be directly affected by a metal exposure in various macroinvertebrates. As many proteinic effectors showed a high degree of homology between species, we have developed a PCR approach to characterize partial mRNA sequences of selected effectors in the laboratory model, Eisenia fetida. After cloning, levels of expression of each gene were analyzed following exposures (80 and 800 mg/kg) to cadmium spiked soils using real-time PCR. An implemented approach was allowed to test quickly potential biomarkers in Eisenia fetida. Selected effectors were calmodulin, heat shock proteins, superoxide dismutase, catalase, metallothionein, beta-adrenergic receptor kinase, pyruvate carboxylase, trancriptionally controlled tumor protein, protein kinase C, and ubiquitin. Most of the selected effectors did not show variations of expression level after exposure. Others expressed weak changes of expression as heat shock proteins. At lastfor catalase and metallothionein, early suitable variations of expression were observed.
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PMID:Cloning and real-time PCR testing of 14 potential biomarkers in Eisenia fetida following cadmium exposure. 1668 33

Metal pollution causes disturbances at various levels of biological organization in most species. Important physiological functions could be affected in the exposed individuals and among the main physiological functions, immunity may provide one (or more) effector(s) whose expression can be directly affected by a metal exposure in various macroinvertebrates. Protein expressions were studied in order to test them as molecular biomarkers of metal exposure in Eisenia fetida. Selected effectors were calmodulin, heat shock proteins, superoxide dismutase, catalase, metallothionein, beta-adrenergic receptor kinase, pyruvate carboxylase, transcriptionally controlled tumor protein, protein kinase C, ubiquitin and cyclophilin-A. The level of expression of each gene was analysed in whole organism following exposures to cadmium in soil using real-time PCR. Metallothionein, transcriptionally controlled tumor protein and cyclophilin-A expression were also measured following copper exposures in soil because these genes seemed to be sensitive to copper. This work enabled to distinguish metallothionein and cyclophilin-A among the 15 selected effectors. A strong decrease of the number of transcripts was also detected for most effectors soon after the exposure to cadmium suggesting that a trade-off mechanism occurs.
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PMID:The strong induction of metallothionein gene following cadmium exposure transiently affects the expression of many genes in Eisenia fetida: a trade-off mechanism? 1715 Apr 12