Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase)
 1,516 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Under nitrogen starvation, Rhizobium meliloti is able to induce nitrogen-fixing nodules on alfalfa roots. Certain alfalfa cultivars spontaneously develop pseudonodules in the absence of bacteria. A transcript, Msca1, expressed in spontaneous and R. meliloti-induced nodules, that codes for a carbonic anhydrase (CA), an enzyme catalyzing the hydration of CO2 has been identified. This is the first CA gene cloned from a non-photosynthetic tissue in plants. Msca1 was activated initially in all cells of the bacterium-induced nodule primordium and was also induced by cytokinin treatment of alfalfa roots. The presence of CA enzymatic activity in different nodule types was demonstrated. Thus, Msca1 is a new early nodulin gene with a function possibly related to the increased amyloplast deposition of the dividing cortical cells. Msca1 transcripts were subsequently found mainly in a peripheral envelope of cells in developing and mature nodules. This novel pattern of gene expression is controlled by the presence of the bacterium inside the nodule. Sucrose synthase and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), other genes of the carbon fixation metabolism, were expressed in the same peripheral cells and even more strongly in the nitrogen-fixing region. Analysis of expression patterns of these genes indicated that early CA function may not be related to carbon fixation through PEPC. CA might be acting in pH regulation and/or CO2/HCO3-transport during nodule initiation. Thus, carbonic anhydrase may play different roles at several stages of nodule development and function.
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PMID:A carbonic anhydrase gene is induced in the nodule primordium and its cell-specific expression is controlled by the presence of Rhizobium during development. 910 31

The content of free sugars and the activities of enzymes involved in carbon metabolism-sucrose synthase, acid and alkaline invertase, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase, malic enzyme and isocitrate dehydrogenase were determined during seed development in mungbean pods. A decrease in carbohydrate content of pod wall from 10 to 25 days after flowering (DAF) and a concomitant increase in the seed till 20 DAF was observed. Sucrose remained the dominant soluble sugar in the pod wall and seed. In the branch of inflorescence and pod wall, the activities of sucrose metabolizing enzymes, viz. acid and alkaline invertase, sucrose synthase (synthesis and cleavage) and sucrose phosphate synthase were higher at 5-10 DAF, whereas in seed the maximum activities of these enzymes were observed at the time of maximum seed filling stage (10-20 DAF). High activities of sucrose synthase at the time of rapid seed filling can be correlated to its sink strength. Higher activities of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase in the branch of inflorescence and pod wall than in seed may indicate the involvement of the fruiting structure for recapturing respired CO2. High activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme in the seed at the time of rapid seed filling could provide NADPH and carbon skeletons required for the synthesis of various seed reserves.
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PMID:Ontogenic changes in enzymes of carbon metabolism in relation to carbohydrate status in developing mungbean reproductive structures. 1072 78

Sugar cane chloroplasts isolated in simple media possessed little photochemical activity, but showed rapid O2 uptake, independent of light. A similar rapid consumption of O2 was observed with brei prepared from cane leaves. This was not observed in brei of spinach leaves. Authentic polyphenols and cane leaf extracts stimulated the consumption of O2 by cane preparations and inhibited photosynthesis in chloroplasts isolated from spinach. Chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid were the major o-diphenols in extracts of cane leaves. These compounds inhibited reactions associated with CO2 fixation by the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle. Assimilation of CO2 due to phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase activity was less sensitive to inhibition by o-diphenols. Mechanisms are discussed whereby o-diphenols may inhibit cane chloroplasts during their isolation.
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PMID:Phenols, phenoloxidase, and photosynthetic activity of chloroplasts isolated from sugar cane and spinach. 2449 5