Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase)
 1,516 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The autotroph Methanococcus maripaludis contained high levels of acetate-coenzyme A ligase, pyruvate synthase, pyruvate, water dikinase, pyruvate carboxylase, and the enzymes of the incomplete reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, citrate synthase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase were not detected. In contrast, the heterotroph Methanococcus sp. strain A3 contained acetate kinase, and acetate coenzyme A ligase was virtually absent.
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PMID:Pathway of acetate assimilation in autotrophic and heterotrophic methanococci. 366 34

The enzyme activities responsible for carboxylation reactions in cell extracts of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori have been studied by H14CO3- fixation and spectrophotometric assays. Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2) and malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) activities were detected, whereas pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.3.1) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.49) activities were absent. However, a pyruvate-dependent, ATP-independent, and avidin-insensitive H14CO3- fixation activity, which was shown to be due to the isotope exchange reaction of pyruvate:flavodoxin oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.7.1), was present. The purified enzyme is composed of four subunits of 47, 36, 24, and 14 kDa. N-terminal sequence analysis showed that this enzyme is related to a recently recognized group of four-subunit pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductases previously known only from hyperthermophiles. This enzyme from H. pylori was found to mediate the reduction of a number of artificial electron acceptors in addition to a flavodoxin isolated from H. pylori extracts, which is likely to be the in vivo electron acceptor. Indirect evidence that the enzyme is capable of in vitro reduction of the anti-H. pylori drug metronidazole was also obtained.
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PMID:Identification of carboxylation enzymes and characterization of a novel four-subunit pyruvate:flavodoxin oxidoreductase from Helicobacter pylori. 760 66

Kreb's tricarboxylic (TCA) cycle was studied in Halobacterium salinarum cells grown in the presence of glucose or alanine. The cells were incubated with 13C-labeled substrate and the labeling pattern of various carbon positions in glutamate was monitored by 13C-NMR spectroscopy. [2-13C]pyruvate, when used as a substrate, led mainly to signals for C-1 and C-5 glutamate, with some C-3 glutamate. [3-13C]pyruvate as a substrate produced signals, mainly C-2, C-3, and C-4 glutamate, with some C-1 and C-5 glutamate. The multiplicity of the signals and observation of a C-1 signal in this case indicates extensive cycling of the label in the TCA cycle. Isotopomer analysis of glutamate labeling suggested that of the total pyruvate entering the TCA cycle, the flux through pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase was 90% while that through pyruvate carboxylase was 10%. Only 53% of the total acetyl-CoA was produced from the added labeled pyruvate, the rest being generated endogenously. In the presence of nitrogen, mainly transamination reaction products were formed in the case of both these substrates.
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PMID:Kreb's TCA cycle in Halobacterium salinarum investigated by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 982 32

Members of the genus "Dehalococcoides" are the only known microorganisms that can completely dechlorinate tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene to the innocuous end product, ethene. This study examines the central metabolism in "Dehalococcoides ethenogenes" strain 195 via (13)C-labeled tracer experiments. Supported by the genome annotation and the transcript profile, isotopomer analysis of key metabolites clarifies ambiguities in the genome annotation and identifies an unusual biosynthetic pathway in strain 195. First, the (13)C-labeling studies revealed that strain 195 contains complete amino acid biosynthesis pathways, even though current genome annotation suggests that several of these pathways are incomplete. Second, the tricarboxylic acid cycle of strain 195 is confirmed to be branched, and the Wood-Ljungdahl carbon fixation pathway is shown to not be functionally active under our experimental conditions; rather, CO(2) is assimilated via two reactions, conversion of acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl coenzyme A [acetyl-CoA]) to pyruvate catalyzed by pyruvate synthase (DET0724-0727) and pyruvate conversion to oxaloacetate via pyruvate carboxylase (DET0119-0120). Third, the (13)C-labeling studies also suggested that isoleucine is synthesized from acetyl-CoA and pyruvate via citramalate synthase (CimA, EC 2.3.1.182), rather than from the common pathway via threonine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.19). Finally, evidence is presented that strain 195 may contain an undocumented citrate synthase (>95% Re-type stereospecific), i.e., a novel Re-citrate synthase that is apparently different from the one recently reported in Clostridium kluyveri.
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PMID:Investigation of carbon metabolism in "Dehalococcoides ethenogenes" strain 195 by use of isotopomer and transcriptomic analyses. 1952 47

Some photosynthetic and biochemical properties of the chlorophyl containing layers of the pericarp of developing barley have been investigated. The tissue changes from pale green to bright green early in development, chlorophyll disappearing only at the later stages of maturity. It contains chloroplasts and probably amyloplasts and starch bearing chloroplasts. It is capable of high rates of light dependent oxygen evolution. It has been shown that the enzyme phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31) is present in the pericarp and is 100 times as active in carbon dioxide fixation as ribulose diphosphate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39). Other enzymes present in the pericarp are phosphoenol pyruvate synthetase, pyrophosphatase (EC 3.6.1.1), malate NAD and NADP dehydrogenases (EC 1.1.1.37), malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40), and fructose 1,6 diphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11).
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PMID:Some enzyme activities associated with the chlorophyll containing layers of the immature barley pericarp. 2445 56