Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: EC:6.3.5.5 (
CPS
)
1,262
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Enzymes of the pathway for de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides have been reported in
spermatozoa
from fruitfly and mammals. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the enzymes for biosynthesis of uridine monophosphate (UMP) are concentrated near the mitochondria, which are segregated in the mid-piece of
spermatozoa
. Baby hamster kidney fibroblasts were compared with
spermatozoa
from rams, boars, bulls and men. Antibodies raised against synthetic peptides from sequences of the multienzyme polypeptides containing
glutamine-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase
, aspartate transcarbamylase and dihydroorotase (CAD) and UMP synthase, which catalyse reactions 1-3 and 5-6, respectively, were used, together with an affinity-purified antibody raised against dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the mitochondrial enzyme for step 4. Western blot analysis, immunofluorescent microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy confirmed that CAD and UMP synthase are found in the cytoplasm around and outside the mitochondria; DHODH is found exclusively inside the mitochondria. CAD was also located in the nucleus, where it has been reported in the nuclear matrix, and in the cytoplasm, apparently associated with the cytoskeleton. It is possible that CAD in the cytoplasm has a role unconnected with pyrimidine biosynthesis.
...
PMID:Detection and location of the enzymes of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in mammalian spermatozoa. 1205 30
A routine use of boar-sexed semen is limited by the long sorting time necessary to obtain an adequate number of sexed
spermatozoa
for artificial insemination and by the high susceptibility of
spermatozoa
of this species to damages induced by sorting procedure and subsequent cryopreservation. The aim of this work was to study the impact of encapsulation in barium alginate membrane on sorted boar
spermatozoa
by evaluating membrane integrity, chlortetracycline staining patterns, protein tyrosine phosphorylation, and Hsp70 immunolocalization during storage over 72 hours in liquid or encapsulated form. The encapsulation procedure significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the overall membrane integrity of control unsorted semen (81.8 vs. 57.4, CTR vs.
CPS
), but did not negatively affect the overall viability and the chlortetracycline staining patterns of sorted encapsulated cells. Moreover, encapsulation significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the overall phosphotyrosin A pattern cell percentage in unsorted (98.4 vs. 92.6, CTR vs.
CPS
) but not in sorted semen (64.0 vs. 74.2; SORT CTR vs. SORT
CPS
). As for Hsp70, the overall percentage of cells displaying the different patterns was significantly influenced (P < 0.05) by treatment but not by storage time. The sorting procedure seems to induce the major changes, whereas encapsulation tends to exert a protective effect on sorted semen by increasing the percentage of
spermatozoa
displaying the T pattern (2.8 vs. 24.3; SORT CTR vs. SORT
CPS
). In conclusion, our data confirm that the damaging impact of the encapsulation in barium alginate capsules seems to be limited when compared with that of the sorting procedure and, moreover, the association of the two procedures does not result in an algebraic sum of the negative effects. These results suggest the possibility of a future utilization of the encapsulation technology in order to store sorted
spermatozoa
and permit their controlled release in the female genital tract.
...
PMID:Boar sperm changes after sorting and encapsulation in barium alginate membranes. 2379 25
