Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:6.3.4.6 (urease)
 7,490 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical scientists from eight European countries and China gathered in the ancient Chinese capital of Xi'an on April 26-28, 2001 to discuss collaboration on a modern approach to gastric cancer prevention. Participants at the First Sino-European Workshop on Immunogenetics and Pathogenesis of Gastric Cancer presented their most up-to-date research results on topics ranging from epidemiology and immune mechanisms to Helicobacter pylori and vaccine development. Researchers then formed groups with their Chinese or European counterparts to plan future research endeavors which will benefit Chinese and European populations alike. After 3 years of organization between the Institute of Digestive Diseases of the Fourth Medical University in Xi'an, China and the Laboratory of Immunogenetics, VU University Medical Center in Amsterdam, the first workshop came into being under the joint sponsorship of the Commission of the European Union, National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xi'an, China. As gastric cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor in China, the workshop was of special significance to the Chinese researchers and to the Chinese population in general. During the workshop, presentations on the epidemiology of gastric cancer showed that this disease is in fact common the world over: it is the second most common cancer next to lung cancer and about 1 million new cases were diagnosed in 2000. Three-quarters of the cases of gastric cancer occur in Asia, and approximately 80% of these cases are in China and Japan. Genetic factors and environmental factors such as diet and H. pylori infection play a role in gastric carcinogenesis. As a recognized cause of gastric cancer, H. pylori was the subject of various presentations ranging from immunological studies, molecular analysis of strains and pathogenesis to vaccine development. Specific areas of discussion included bacterial-epithelial interactions in H. pylori infection, epidemiology in China, global distribution of vacA and cagA genotypes, new evidence for host factors, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and H. pylori as independent risk factor for gastric cancer, new diagnostic techniques for H. pylori using serum levels of pepsinogen I, and autoimmune processes in corpus atrophy. Vaccine development using a variety of strategies against H. pylori was the subject of an entire session of talks. Oral immunization with urease with Escherichia coli heat labile enterotoxin was shown to be safe and immunogenic in humans as a mucosal adjuvant. Results of a study using attenuated Salmonella typhimurium as a vehicle for DNA-mediated immunization in mice were also presented. A final presentation discussed an ongoing trial comparing strain variability in the vacA and cagA gene sequences and disease expression between H. pylori infection in Europe and China. Researchers also discussed the role of IL1 gene family and TNF gene polymorphisms in gastric pathology and various immune mechanisms involved in gastric cancer, such as down-regulation of NF kappa B, IL-1 and IL-1RA, cyclooxygenase signalling, and identification of MGAg antibodies. An interactive discussion followed each presentation and ideas and suggestions were provided. According to specialty, the presenters were then assigned to groups of four or five to make plans for joint research projects. A number of international and Chinese observers were present, including representatives from the European Commission, the World Health Organization and the Chinese National Center for Biotechnology Development, and offered input on the financial feasibility of such projects.
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PMID:The immunogenetics and pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Highlights of the First Sino-European Workshop on the Immunogenetics and Pathogenesis of Gastric Cancer. 1253 77

Several cytokine gene polymorphisms have been associated with increased risk of distal gastric cancer (GC) and its precursor histological markers in Caucasian, Asian and Portuguese populations although little is known about their role in other ethnic groups. Our study investigates the role of the IL-1B-31, IL-1RN and TNF-A-308 gene polymorphisms as risk factors for the development of GC in a Mexican population. We studied 278 patients who were enrolled at the Hospital Universitario Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon. The subjects were divided into 2 groups. Sixty-three patients with histologically confirmed distal GC (mean age = 58.8 years, range = 22-84, F:M = 0.56), and 215 patients with no evidence of distal or proximal GC (mean age = 56.1 years, range = 18-92, F:M = 1.17). The IL-1B-31 and the TNF-A-308 polymorphisms were determined by PCR-RFLP and pyrosequencing, respectively, in all cases and controls. The VNTR polymorphism in intron 2 of the 1L-1RN gene was typed by PCR in 25 cases and 201 controls. The H. pylori status was determined by histology, rapid urease test, culture and serology for non-cancer controls and by histology for the GC cases. The carriage of the proinflammatory IL-1B-31*C allele was associated with increased risk of distal GC (odds ratio [OR] = 7.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.73-46.94, p = 0.003). When cases and controls were matched by age and gender, the OR value was higher (OR = 8.05, 95% CI = 1.8-50.22, p = 0.001). When only H. pylori GC cases and controls were compared, the OR value was 7.8 (95% CI = 1.05-161.8, p = 0.04). No association was found between any of the other polymorphisms studied and distal GC. In this Mexican population, the IL-1B proinflammatory genotype increases the risk of distal GC. These findings are similar to previous reports in Caucasian populations and underscore the importance of cytokine gene polymorphisms in the development of distal GC.
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PMID:Role of the polymorphic IL-1B, IL-1RN and TNF-A genes in distal gastric cancer in Mexico. 1554 Feb 24

Gastric carcinogenesis is a complex, multistep process, which may be influenced by many factors and is the second most common type of malignancy and the second most-common cause of mortality in the word. Interleukin-1 is up-regulated in the presence of Helicobacter pylori and is important for initiating and amplifying the inflamatory response to this infection. Recently interleukin-1 polymorphisms have been associated with the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. In this study we investigated the presence of H. pylori and host genotypes that are highly associated with gastric alterations. DNA samples were extracted and PCR-RFLP was utilized for genotyping IL-1B (-511) polymorphisms, PCR-VNTR was utilized for genotyping IL-1RN, and PCR-CTPP was utilized for genotyping IL-1B (-31), the presence of H. pylori was detected by the urease test. Our results indicate a correlation between H. pylori infection and the development of gastric cancer. We did not find an association between the presence of genotype T (thymine) in bases -511 and -31 and gastric adenocarcinoma. We also did not find any association between this polymorphism and specific type of tumor (diffuse type and intestinal type).
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PMID:Interleukin-1beta polymorphisms, Helicobacter pylori infection in individuals from Northern Brazil with gastric adenocarcinoma. 1567 46

Polymorphisms of interleukin-1 (IL-1) genes have been reported to modify the risk of gastric carcinoma (GC) in Caucasians. The significance of IL-1beta gene polymorphisms was evaluated in Japanese GC patients with or without infection of Helicobacter pylori and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) with special reference to the topographic features of GC. IL-1beta gene polymorphisms at positions -511 and +3953 were evaluated by PCR-RFLP and a penta-allelic polymorphism of IL-1RA by PCR in healthy controls (n = 103) and GC (n =140; corpus 95, antrum 45). EBV-infection was determined in the neoplastic tissues by EBER1 in situ hybridization, and H. pylori infection in nonneoplastic gastric mucosa by PCR targeting of the H. pylori urease A gene. GC consisted of EBV-associated (n = 24) and EBV-negative (n = 116) patients, whereas H. pylori infection was positive in 130 cases. Among IL-1beta gene polymorphisms, genotype IL-1beta+3953 C/T was more frequent in the EBV-negative (21%) and corpus GC (23%) patients, compared to the controls (10%), respectively, although there was no genotype IL-1beta+3953 T/T in either group. Thus, the effect of IL-1beta+3953 T was statistically significant in logistic regression models adjusted for age in EBV negativity (odds ratio [OR] 2.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-5.05) and in the corpus GC (2.70, 1.19-6.12) with highest OR 3.55 (1.54-8.23) in EBV-negative corpus GC. There was no significant influence of IL-1 gene polymorphism in EBV-associated GC, but it occurred predominantly in the corpus (24/24) compared to EBV-negative GC (71/116) (p = 0.00002). There was no correlation between H. pylori infection and IL-1 gene polymorphism in GC. The cancer risk of the gastric corpus in Japanese is influenced by IL-1beta+3953 polymorphisms. On the other hand, the risk of EBV-associated GC, which occurs predominantly in the corpus, is not influenced by this pro-inflammatory polymorphism.
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PMID:Cancer risk to the gastric corpus in Japanese, its correlation with interleukin-1beta gene polymorphism (+3953*T) and Epstein-Barr virus infection. 1568 13