Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.3.4.6 (urease)
 7,490 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Weanling or adult (9 wk old) rats were fed diets containing 0, 250 or 500 g lactose/kg for 10 days, after which the activities of six caecal microbial enzymes (azoreductase, beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, nitrate reductase, nitroreductase and urease) were determined. Adult controls had larger caeca than weanlings, but the numbers of bacteria were not significantly different. Expressed in relation to body weight, caecal microbial enzyme activities were significantly lower in adult controls, with the exceptions of beta-glucuronidase and urease. Lactose caused caecal enlargement; this was greatest in weanling animals, which also showed a decreased concentration of bacteria. Lactose increased total nitrate reductase and urease activities in both age groups, but decreased total azoreductase and nitroreductase activities in weanlings. Enzyme activities per 10(9) bacteria were decreased for azoreductase, beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase and nitroreductase in both age groups, while urease activity increased. Azoreductase and nitroreductase activities were highly correlated but nitrate reductase and urease did not correlate significantly with any other enzyme activity.
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PMID:Dietary lactose and the metabolic activity of the caecal microfloras of weanling and adult rats. 642 83

Agar, carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, guar gum, gum acacia, locust-beam gum or pectin (50 g/kg diet), given to weanling rats for 4 wk, increased the weight of the caecal wall and the caecal contents. Feeding carboxymethylcellulose, guar gum or pectin significantly increased, and feeding carrageenan decreased, the total bacterial population of the caecum. Feeding carboxymethylcellulose significantly increased in vitro activity of bacterial azoreductase, beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, nitrate reductase, nitroreductase and urease. Guar gum, gum acacia and locust-bean gum each increased at least three of these activities. In contrast, feeding carrageenan greatly decreased all microbial enzyme activities, while agar decreased beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase and nitroreductase activities.
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PMID:Hydrocolloid food additives and rat caecal microbial enzyme activities. 653 30

Weanling rats were fed low-fat (1% w/w safflower oil) or high-fat (1% w/w safflower oil plus 35% w/w beef fat or cocoa butter) diets for 30 days, and the activities of five cecal microbial enzymes were determined. When compared with the low-fat diet, beef fat significantly increased total cecal beta-glucuronidase activity, but cocoa butter, with a similar fatty acid composition, did not. Both high-fat diets significantly decreased total cecal azoreductase, beta-glucosidase, and nitrate reductase activities, but neither significantly affected urease activity. When expressed as specific activities (per 10(11) bacteria), cocoa butter decreased azoreductase, and beef fat caused increases of beta-glucuronidase and urease. Beef fat, but not cocoa butter, significantly reduced cecal bacterial numbers when compared to the low-fat diet. Both high-fat diets led to equivalent reductions in the proportion of aerobic bacteria.
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PMID:Dietary fat and cecal microbial activity in the rat. 654 72

Adult rats were fed diets containing 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, or 400 g lactalbumin/kg diet for 10 days, and the activities of six cecal microbial enzymes were determined. Total activity per cecum of azoreductase, beta-glucosidase, and urease increased significantly with increasing dietary protein, whereas the activities of beta-glucuronidase and nitroreductase were not significantly affected. Nitrate reductase activity decreased significantly. Total numbers of cecal bacteria were not significantly altered by the treatment.
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PMID:Dietary protein and cecal microbial metabolism in the rat. 687 47

The effects of lactulose and lactitol (2 x 10 g/d) were studied in 36 healthy volunteers in comparison to placebo. All parameters studied were affected by both treatments, lactulose in general leading to more pronounced changes compared to lactitol. Probiotic bacteria were increased, and putrefactive bacteria and potential pathogens were significantly reduced. These variations in colonic flora had the following consequences: (i) a reduced activity of pro-carcinogenic enzymes: azoreductase, 7 alpha-dehydroxylase, beta-glucuronidase, nitroreductase and urease activity; (ii) a global increase of short-chain fatty acids in faeces; (iii) an effect on pH and moisture of faeces, and (iv) also on aromatic compounds such as phenol, cresol, indole and skatol. The findings suggest that lactulose and lactitol are not comparable in their effect on the colonic microflora, its metabolism, and the consequent probiotic effects on human health. The differences found may also be of clinical relevance suggesting that neither compound is equipotent.
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PMID:Effects of lactulose and lactitol on colonic microflora and enzymatic activity. 914 45