Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:6.3.4.6 (urease)
 7,490 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The observation that activation of eosinophils in vitro with PAF increases the surface expression of the alpha chain of the complement receptor CR3 (CD11b) has been extended to other eosinophil activating factors. CD11b may be detected on activated eosinophils by reaction with mouse monoclonal anti-human CD11b IgG, following the addition of urease-conjugated sheep anti-mouse IgG. CD11b levels were increased on eosinophils after incubation with (a) recombinant colony stimulating factors, IL-3, GM-CSF and IL-5, at concentrations of 100 U/ml, or (b) with eosinophil activating factors, recombinant TNF alpha (1000 U/ml), EAF purified from mononuclear cell supernatants and PAF (10(-6) M). CD11b levels were not affected by IL-1 alpha, IL-2 or IFN-gamma. Unstimulated neutrophils had higher levels of CD11b than unstimulated eosinophils, but neutrophil CD11b was unaffected by IL-3, GM-CSF and IL-5 and was only slightly affected by TNF, EAF and PAF. Polyclonal rabbit antibodies to IL-3 and TNF neutralised their CD11b enhancing activities. The PAF antagonists WEB 2086 and WEB 2170 neutralised the CD11b enhancing activity of PAF. We conclude that measurement of CD11b expression on eosinophils is a convenient method for the assay of eosinophil activating activity.
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PMID:A new method for measuring eosinophil activating factors, based on the increased expression of CR3 alpha chain (CD11b) on the surface of activated eosinophils. 134 5

The urocanic acid cis isomer (cis-UCA) is a possible cutaneous photoreceptor for the immunomodulatory phenomena that follow ultraviolet B irradiation. Several experiments in animals show an inhibitory action of cis-UCA on cellular immunity. However, the action of cis-UCA on the synthesis of cytokines in keratinocytes remains unknown. Long-term cultures of normal human keratiocytes were prepared in a serum-free medium, and stimulated with 1 microgram/ml of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA) and UCA or UVB-UCA (10-100 micrograms/ml). Synthesis of the following cytokines was measured using ELISA and Northern blot techniques: TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TGF-beta 1. TPA increased TNF-alpha protein levels in culture supernatants. No changes in Il-1 alpha and IL-1 beta protein levels were detected in basal culture supernatant after TPA stimulus. TPA augmented RNA expression for TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and TGF-beta 1. UCA isomers did not induce cytokine changes in protein synthesis. Expression of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta genes was increased after exposure to 100 micrograms/ml UVB-UCA (70 micrograms/ml cis-UCA). A slight increase in TNF-alpha RNA expression was detected when the dose of UVB-UCA reached 100 micrograms/ml. No effects on cytokine synthesis were found after UCA stimulus. These results suggest that low doses of cis-UCA do not effect cytokine synthesis by keratinocytes.
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PMID:Effects of low concentrations of cis- and trans-urocanic acid on cytokine elaboration by keratinocytes. 918 8

The early consequences of Helicobacter pylori infection and the role of bacterial virulence determinants in disease outcome remain to be established. The present study sought to measure the development of host inflammatory and immune responses and their relationship to the putative bacterial virulence factors cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI), vacA allele, and oipA in combination with bacterial colonization density in a feline model of the early stages of H. pylori infection. Gastric tissues obtained from infected and uninfected cats were evaluated for H. pylori ureB, cagPAI, vacA allele, and oipA and colonization density (urease, histology, and real-time PCR). Inflammation was assessed by measuring mRNA upregulation of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12 p40 and histopathology. The mucosal immune response was characterized by morphometric analysis of lymphoid follicles and by differentiating lymphocyte populations with antibodies against surface markers. Infecting H. pylori strains were positive for vacAs1 but lacked cagPAI and an active oipA gene. Colonization density was uniform throughout the stomach. Upregulation of IFN-gamma, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-8 and increased severity of inflammatory infiltrates and fibrosis were observed in infected cats. The median number and total area of lymphoid aggregates were 5 and 10 times greater, respectively, in the stomachs of infected than uninfected cats. Secondary lymphoid follicles in uninfected cats were rare and positive for BLA.36 and B220 but negative for CD3 and CD79 alpha, whereas in infected cats they were frequent and positive for BLA.36, CD79 alpha, and CD3 but negative for B220. Upregulation of IFN-gamma, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-8 and marked hyperplasia of secondary lymphoid follicles are early consequences of H. pylori infection in cats. The response appears to be similar to that of infected people, particularly children, can develop independently of the pathogenicity factors cagPAI and oipA, and is not correlated with the degree of colonization density or urease activity.
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PMID:Quantitative evaluation of inflammatory and immune responses in the early stages of chronic Helicobacter pylori infection. 1270 44