Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.3.4.6 (urease)
 7,490 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two 21-d trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of heating time and sodium metabisulfite (SMBS) on the nutritional value of full-fat soybeans for chicks. In Trial 1, four pen-replicates of eight chicks each were fed corn-based diets (19% CP; 3,167 kcal of ME/kg) containing either 44% CP soybean meal or full-fat soybeans. The soybeans either were unheated or were autoclaved at 121 degrees C for 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, or 90 min. Soybean oil was added to the soybean meal diet to make it isoenergetic with the soybean diets. Trypsin inhibitor, urease activity, and the solubility of protein in the soybeans decreased as heating time increased. Weight gain increased and feed:gain and pancreas weights decreased quadratically (P less than .01) with heating time. Rate and efficiency of gain were maximized when the soybeans were heated for 40 min; further heating for 60 or 90 min reduced performance. In Trial 2, SMBS was added at levels of 0, 1, or 2% to full-fat, unheated soybeans or to soybeans before autoclaving at 121 degrees C for 10, 20, or 40 min. Four pen-replicates of seven chicks each were fed corn-soybean diets (19% CP; 3,144 kcal of ME/kg) with 12 treatments in a factorial arrangement of heating times and SMBS levels. The rate and efficiency of chick weight gain improved linearly (P less than .01) and pancreas weights decreased linearly (P less than .01) as heating time increased. Less heating time was required to maximize performance and minimize pancreas weights when SMBS was added, resulting in a heating time x SMBS interaction (P less than .05). Under the conditions of this research, chicks fed full-fat soybeans achieved maximum performance when the soybeans were heated at 121 degrees C for 40 min, and SMBS decreased by one-half the heating time required to inactivate the trypsin inhibitors. Trypsin inhibitor activity in soybeans was more closely related to their nutritional value than was urease activity.
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PMID:Effects of heating time and sodium metabisulfite on the nutritional value of full-fat soybeans for chicks. 175 23

Synthetic membranes containing 10% acrylamide units were subjected to activation with formaldehyde at pH 7.5 and 45 degrees C. Trypsin, invertase, and urease were bound to this activated membrane and the kinetic properties of immobilized enzymes were studied. The permeability of the membrane for distilled water manifests certain differences depending on the enzyme bound. The membranes with immobilized enzymes stored at 4 degrees C in a moist state showed no change in their activity for 6 months. The membrane with immobilized invertase has preserved its activity even after 20 operations with 2% sucrose solution at 25 degrees C. The proposed method of binding enzymes to synthetic membranes containing acrylamide groups, through the introduction of N-hydroxymethyl groups, possesses several advantages with respect to the activation of the membrane in a one-step reaction with cheap and accessible reagent, high operative stability of the immobilized enzymes, no danger of bacterial rotting, and long shelf life of the membrane.
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PMID:Covalent binding of enzymes to synthetic membranes containing acrylamide units, using formaldehyde. 205

1. An experiment was conducted to determine the temperature for wet extrusion of full-fat soyabeans (FFS) needed to produce maximum chicken performance. 2. FFS were either unprocessed or extruded at 5 different temperatures (118 degrees, 120 degrees, 122 degrees, 126 degrees and 140 degrees C) in a wet extruder. Diets were prepared with the different FFS, and a diet prepared with soyabean meal (SBM) was included as a control. The 7 experimental diets were fed to individual groups of 40 chickens each, for a period of 35 d. Trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA), urease activity (UA), and protein solubility in potassium hydroxide (PS) were measured in all FFS and in the SBM. 3. Diets prepared with raw FFS and FFS extruded at 118 degrees and 120 degrees C resulted in significantly lower body weights and in pancreatic hypertrophy; maximum growth rate was obtained with FFS extruded at 122 degrees and 126 degrees C, while minimum pancreas weight was seen in chickens fed FFS extruded at 140 degrees C. 4. Although TIA, UA, and PS all decreased with increasing temperature of extrusion, TIA provided the best prediction of the feeding value of soyabeans for chickens.
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PMID:Effect of temperature of wet extrusion on the nutritional value of full-fat soyabeans for broiler chickens. 934 51

A new silica-organic, double-network hydrogel was prepared from a mixture of silica nanoparticles, sodium silicate, and acrylamide to enable biomolecule encapsulation in a one-pot reaction, overcoming the brittleness of the silica matrix. The optimal composition of the hydrogel was 1:4 (v/v) acrylamide:silicate. The mechanical strength of the double-network hydrogel was almost twice that of a hydrogel prepared from only silica hydrogel. As a result of the hydrogel's increased strength, biomolecules encapsulated within the hydrogel also exhibited improved activity and durability.Trypsin, pepsin, and urease were each encapsulated within double-network hydrogels, and these encapsulated biomolecules showed good enzymatic activities, which were retained for several months. Therefore, the hydrogel was suitable for encapsulation of biomolecules for preparation of biodevices, such as bioreactors and biosensors.
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PMID:Development of a silica-based double-network hydrogel for high-throughput screening of encapsulated enzymes. 1923 96

In the rumen of cattle, urease produced by ureolytic bacteria catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia, which plays an important role in nitrogen metabolism and animal production. A high diversity of rumen bacterial urease genes was observed in our previous study; however, information on urease protein diversity could not be determined due to technical limitations. Here, we developed a targeted meta-proteomic pipeline to analyze rumen urease protein diversity. Protein extraction (duration of cryomilling in liquid nitrogen), protein digestion state (in-solution or in-gel), and the digestion enzyme used (trypsin or Glu-C/Lys-C) were optimized, and the digested peptides were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Four minutes was the best duration for cryomilling and yielded the highest urease activity. Trypsin digestion of in-gel proteins outperformed other digestion methods and yielded the greatest number of identifications and superior peptide performance in regards to the digestion efficiency and high-score peptide. The annotation of peptides by PEAKS software revealed diversity among urease proteins, with the predominant proteins being from Prochlorococcus, Helicobacter, and uncultured bacteria. In conclusion, trypsin digestion of in-gel proteins was the optimal method for the meta-proteomic pipeline analyzing rumen microbial ureases. This pipeline provides a guide for targeted meta-proteomic analyses in other ecosystems.
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PMID:Pipeline for Targeted Meta-Proteomic Analyses to Assess the Diversity of Cattle Rumen Microbial Urease. 3307 36