Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:6.3.4.6 (urease)
 7,490 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The objectives were to determine the responses of turkeys to soybean meals (SBM) differing in urease and trypsin inhibitor activity, to estimate the AME of diets containing these SBM, and to determine the responses to supplemental L-Met and L-Lys. Four experiments were conducted with poults 1 to 3 wk of age and one with turkeys 6 to 8 wk of age. In Experiment 1, the trypsin inhibitor activities (TI) were 1.8, 4.2, 5.4, 7.0, and 8.8 mg trypsin inhibited/g SBM (method of Hamerstrand et al., 1981). The corresponding urease indices were .02, .14, .51, .90, and 1.5 pH units. The SBM were 46% of the diet. Significant pancreatic hypertrophy occurred with dietary concentrations of TI of 3.2 mg/g and above. At 4.0 mg TI/g of diet, the feed:gain ratio was increased, but body weight gain and AME of the diet were reduced. In Experiments 2, 3, and 4, poults responded similarly to Met additions to diets containing 46% SBM with TI of 1.8 or 4 mg/g SBM, or to Met or Met plus Lys additions to diets containing 40.7 or 49.6% SBM with TI of 2 or 11 mg/g SBM. In Experiment 5, the SBM contained TI at 4.3, 6.1, 8.9, or 12.5 mg/g. The corresponding urease indices were .05, .27, 1.43, and 1.72 pH units. The SBM were 49.6% of the diet. Using 6 to 8 wk old turkeys, the AME of the four diets were determined to be 2.76, 2.71, 2.58, and 2.57 Mcal/kg. The AME of diets containing 4.4 and 6.2 mg TI/g of diet were reduced (P < .05). In conclusion, through 3 wk of age, turkeys can tolerate soybean TI concentrations of 2.5 mg TI/g of diet. Turkeys 6 to 8 wk of age can tolerate 3 mg of soybean TI/g of diet.
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PMID:Tolerance of turkeys to diets high in trypsin inhibitor activity from undertoasted soybean meals. 747 89

Nutrient composition, ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility, and AME of 55 soybean meal (SBM) samples from the United States (US; n = 16), Argentina (ARG; n = 16), Brazil (BRA; n = 10), and India (IND; n = 13), collected from commercial mills in Southeast Asia, were compared using laboratory analyses and animal studies. There were significant (P < 0.05 to 0.001) differences due to origin in CP, fat, ash, fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) contents of SBM. The average CP content of US, ARG, BRA, and IND samples was determined to be 47.3, 46.9, 48.2, and 46.4% (as-fed basis), respectively. Compared with SBM from other origins, crude fiber and NSP contents were lower (P < 0.05) and sucrose content was higher (P < 0.05) in the US samples. The IND samples had the highest (P < 0.05) contents of fiber, ash, and NSP, and lowest (P < 0.05) contents of fat and sucrose. Differences (P < 0.0001) were observed among origins for in vitro protein quality measures (urease index, KOH protein solubility, and trypsin inhibitor activity). Significant (P < 0.001) effects due to origin were observed for all minerals. Soybean meal from the US and IND had higher (P < 0.05) calcium contents (0.45%) compared with those from ARG and BRA (0.28-0.31%). Phosphorus and potassium contents were lowest (P < 0.05) in SBM from IND, and no differences (P > 0.05) were observed in SBM from other origins. Iron content was markedly high (928 mg/kg) in SBM from IND compared with those from other origins (103-134 mg/kg). Major origin-related differences (P < 0.0001) were observed in the AME of SBM. The average AME content of US, ARG, BRA, and IND samples was 2,375, 2,227, 2,317, and 2,000 kcal/kg (as-fed basis), respectively. Total AA contents of US, ARG, BRA, and IND samples were similar (P > 0.05) for 9 of the 17 amino acids. Major differences (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) due to origin were determined for the digestibility of all AA. The IND samples had the lowest (P < 0.05) digestibility and no differences (P > 0.05) between samples from other 3 origins. However, the digestible CP content of US SBM was higher (P < 0.05) than those of ARG and IND, but similar (P > 0.05) to that from BRA. The digestible CP contents of SBM from the US, ARG, BRA, and IND were 40.0, 38.6, 39.8, and 36.7%, respectively. Digestible contents of indispensable AA, in general, followed the same trend as that of digestible CP. In conclusion, the present evaluation showed that major differences in nutritive value do exist between SBM from different origins in terms of nutrient contents, AME, and digestible AA. Overall, SBM originating from the US had better nutritive value compared with those from ARG and IND, on the basis of AME and contents of digestible CP and digestible AA.
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PMID:Nutrient analysis, metabolizable energy, and digestible amino acids of soybean meals of different origins for broilers. 2512 60