Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.3.4.6 (urease)
 7,490 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The presence of Helicobacter pylori in the oral cavity (6 sites), oesophagus, stomach and bowel of 20 dyspeptic patients was investigated. Samples were cultured on three selective media and analyzed by 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and southern hybridization. Helicobacter pylori DNA was detected by PCR from oral-cavity samples of three (20%) and from faeces samples of only one (7%) of the patients whose stomach biopsies were positive for Helicobacter pylori. When culture was used, the microorganism's rate of recovery from the oral cavity and faeces was 13% and 7%, respectively. One patient had a Helicobacter pylori-like organism in samples collected from the tongue and palate. Both strains were urease, catalase and oxidase positive and grew microaerophilically but were negative on PCR analysis. This demonstrates the possibility of false identification of Helicobacter pylori by use of routine enzyme reactions. Interestingly, specimens collected from the cheeks of three patients were positive for Helicobacter pylori by PCR analysis. This is the first instance of detection of this microorganism in the cheek.
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PMID:Presence of Helicobacter pylori in the oral cavity, oesophagus, stomach and faeces of patients with gastritis. 761 67

Beagle serum proteins were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and the electrophoretograms were examined by one- and two-dimensional analyses with a laser densitometer. In order from the anodic side of the PAGE pattern, pre-albumin, hexokinase, tyrosinase, alkaline phosphatase, urease, and aldehyde dehydrogenase were assumed to be present based on Rf and Mw. Serum albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, and catalase appeared to be present based on a comparison of their electrophoretic mobility with that of protein standards of known Mw. Verification of beagle serum protein fractions by immunofixation electrophoresis and western blotting electrophoresis, with rabbit anti-human serum, indicated alpha 1-antitrypsin, albumin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, C3c complement, IgG, and IgA. Serum protein fraction values (%) obtained by one- and two-dimensional analyses were similar.
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PMID:Analysis of a polyacrylamide gel electrophoretogram of beagle serum protein by laser densitometer. 765 Sep 2

A study was conducted to establish tests for the routine identification of Rochalimaea species. Strains used were reference strains of Rochalimaea vinsonii and Rochalimaea quintana, and a type strain and six human isolates of Rochalimaea henselae. Rochalimaea species were confirmed to be gram-negative, oxidase-negative, non-motile, urease-negative, indole-negative, catalase-negative, glucose-nonfermenting organisms which failed to grow on MacConkey agar. Further testing of the organisms in a commercial identification system with the addition of hemin (100 micrograms/ml) to the medium revealed biochemical reactivity of the organisms not previously observed. The Voges-Proskauer reaction, tests for hydrolysis of hippurate and esculin, leucine arylamidase activity and the lactose test allowed identification and differentiation of the three species. Rochalimaea henselae was the only species with a positive lactose test and Rochalimaea quintana was the only species with a positive Voges-Proskauer reaction. Further studies are needed to confirm the validity of these tests for identification of Rochalimaea species.
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PMID:Proposed tests for the routine identification of Rochalimaea species. 769 52

Methods for isolation of fecal 7 alpha-dehydroxylating bacteria are presented. A total of 219 strains were isolated from feces of healthy humans, and their ability to 7-dehydroxylate cholic, chenodeoxycholic, and ursodeoxycholic acids were examined. Of all the isolates, 14 strains were found to be capable of eliminating the hydroxy group at C-7 alpha and/or C-7 beta. All the isolates were strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive rods. Thirteen isolates were non-sporeforming bacteria showing certain saccharolytic properties with the production of acid and gas from dextrose, and were catalase-positive but indole-, lecithinase-, urease- and oxidase-negative. Based on the data available at present, it was concluded that they could be regarded as members of the genus Eubacterium. One strain, however was identified as Clostridium sordellii. The isolated strains capable of 7 alpha-dehydroxylating cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid were also able to oxidize the hydroxy group at C-7 alpha. Nine strains (10, 12, 36S, M-2, M-17, M-18, Y-98, Y-1112, and Y-1113) of the 7 alpha-dehydroxylating bacteria were confirmed to have 7 beta-dehydroxylation ability, but five strains (O-51, O-52, O-71, O-72, and Y-67) could not transform ursodeoxycholic acid to lithocholic acid.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of bile acid 7-dehydroxylating bacteria from human feces. 778 73

A culture isolated from an aborted fetus of a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) was characterized. The isolate was a gram-negative coccobacillus, and the colonial morphology was typical of a smooth Brucella. The isolate was positive for catalase, oxidase, nitrate reduction, and urease. Hydrogen sulfide was not produced. It grew in air at 37 C but required 72 hours for good growth. There was growth on media containing basic fuchsin, thionin, thionin blue, penicillin, and erythritol. The M antigen was dominant, and the isolate was lysed by 4 of 10 brucellaphages tested. The oxidative metabolic profile of the isolate was similar to that for B. abortus but differed in utilization of L-asparagine, L-glutamic acid, and DL-citrulline. Whole-cell lysates were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein profiles were markedly different from the protein profiles of reference strains of Brucella species. Biochemical and oxidative metabolism profiles indicated that the isolate belongs in the genus Brucella but did not match the profiles of any established species or biovars. This isolate may be an atypical strain of a recognized Brucella species or a new biovar or species of Brucella.
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PMID:Characteristics of a Brucella species from a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). 785 24

An organism that seems to be identical to Orskov's 'Sarcina mirabilis' [Orskov, J. (1930) Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand Suppl III, 519-541] has been rediscovered in specimens from the upper respiratory tract of humans. Six strains were studied, and the results, which conformed to Orskov's description of S. mirabilis, were as follows. Rough to smooth colonies grow on many plated media and show extremely polymorphic cell morphology with round cells with diameters from 1 to > 10 microns. The smallest cells were often motile with circular movements. Strains were Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase and urease positive, and weakly catalase positive. Nitrate and nitrite were reduced, and glucose, fructose, sucrose and mannitol were fermented. Polysaccharide was produced on sucrose agar. Electron microscopy showed coccoid cells with a bundle of three to nine flagella, a Gram-negative cell-wall morphology, and aggregates of irregular cells held together by a common surface layer. The mean mol% (G+C) of the organisms was 65.0. 16S-ribosomal RNA sequencing revealed that the organism belongs to the beta subgroup of Proteobacteria, separate from all other described genera, but most closely related to Burkholderia. The name Lautropia mirabilis is proposed for this organism.
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PMID:Lautropia mirabilis gen. nov., sp. nov., a gram-negative motile coccus with unusual morphology isolated from the human mouth. 807 12

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects the human gastric mucosa, causes gastritis and contributes to the development of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. To facilitate molecular genetic analysis of this pathogen, we constructed a approximately 20-fold redundant cosmid library and physical/genetic map of strain NCTC11638. Genomic DNA fragments were cloned into the cosmid vector Lorist6, and clones were ordered by hybridization with several types of probes: (i) ends of cloned DNAs; (ii) chromosomal Notl digest fragments; (iii) cosmids containing Notl sites; and (iv) specific genes. Seven hundred and fifty-one cosmids were mapped to one of three contigs covering > 90% of the chromosome, and are represented by a 68-cosmid miniset. The order of cosmids was confirmed and extents of overlap among them were estimated by restriction analysis. All currently known H. pylori genes were mapped, including those for a cytotoxin (vacA), cytotoxin-associated protein (cagA), urease and regulatory functions (ureAb, ureD and ureH), catalase (katA), major and minor flagellins (flaA and flaB), heat-shock (stress) and chaperone proteins (dnaK, htA, hspB (groEL)), prokaryotic ferritin (pfr), an adhesin subunit (hpaA), a surface protein (26 kDa), and 16S and 23S ribosomal RNAs (two genes each). The orientations of eight genes or clusters were determined, and two repetitive sequences were also found. The gene order and rRNA gene copy number determined here differed from that reported for an unrelated strain, which suggests considerable flexibility in H. pylori genome organization.
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PMID:Ordered cosmid library and high-resolution physical-genetic map of Helicobacter pylori strain NCTC11638. 815 75

The phenotypic characteristics of 60 Zimbabwean isolates of Pasteurella multocida sensu stricto, from disease syndromes in different host species were studied. A number of representative strains were also serotyped. Consistent results were obtained in the tests for; catalase, oxidase, urease, indole, acid in glucose, inositol, salicin and sucrose. There was no obvious relationship between serotype, host or disease and the pattern of utilization of certain substrates by an isolate. This has been discussed in the context of recent proposals to reclassify Pasteurella and P. multocida on genotypic and phenotypic studies. It is suggested that notwithstanding the relevance of genetic studies in circumscribing P. multocida, the phenotype and disease significance of the taxon should not be ignored. A case of bronchitis in a dog which was simultaneously colonized by three different strains of Pasteurella is described. Also septicaemic pasteurellosis in a Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) is reported and for the first time prevalence of various serotypes in pasteurellosis of animals in Zimbabwe.
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PMID:Phenotypic characterization of Zimbabwean isolates of Pasteurella multocida. 816 Mar 49

The material consisted of samples of mucous membrane of stomach and duodenum obtained during endoscopy in patients with clinical symptoms of peptic ulcer of stomach or the duodenum or with dyspeptic problems. Samples were tested for presence of H. pylori by culture on brain-heart agar supplemented with 7% of horse blood. Direct test for urease production was also performed. Isolated strains were identified basing on morphology of growth, Gram-stained preparation, mobility of microorganism, production of oxidase, catalase and urease, and ability to agglutinate in immune goat serum for standard H. pylori strain. Out of tested 217 samples, positive result was obtained in 141 cases. Urease test was positive in 138 cases. Isolated strains were tested for susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials. They were all resistant to nalidixic acid and susceptible in 90-100% to cephalothin, furazolidone, gentamicin and ofloxacin.
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PMID:[Helicobacter pylori in mucous membrane of stomach and duodenum of patients with symptoms of ulceration and dyspepsia]. 818 27

A new kind of calorimetric biosensor for the measurement of the heat (molar enthalpy change) of enzymatic reactions is presented. The device operates according to the Seebeck effect, the same principle on which thermocouples are based. The thermopile used in this work consists of an array of p-type silicon/aluminium strips integrated on a thin silicon membrane (5 microns). Its sensitivity is about 1 V output voltage per watt of heating power, corresponding to a temperature resolution in the order of 10(-5) K and a heating power resolution of some tenths of a mu W in the flow system used. Furthermore, this performance is obtained without any control of external temperature because of the high common-mode thermal noise rejection ratio of the thermopile. The universal technique of calorimetry combined with the specificity of biochemical reactions makes this biosensor very versatile, with a broad range of possible applications. Glucose oxidase together with catalase for the determination of glucose, urease and penicillinase for the monitoring of urea and penicillin G, respectively, were immobilized directly onto the back side of the thermopile. The sensor was operated in conjunction with flow injection analysis which, in addition to its traditional advantages, allows preconditioning of the samples. Thus, artefacts due to mixing effects were suppressed and interference caused by differences in ionic strength between sample and carrier was strongly decreased. Detection limits between 1 and 2 mM were reported in the flow injection conditions described.
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PMID:An integrated silicon thermophile as biosensor for the thermal monitoring of glucose, urea and penicillin. 831 96


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