Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.3.4.6 (urease)
 7,490 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty one strains of dematiaceous fungi from the Mycology collection of the University of Costa Rica were studied. Thirty three were pathogenic (Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Cladosporium carrionii, Xylohypha bantiana, Exophiala jeanselmei, Rhinocladiella aquaspersa, Phialophora verrucosa) and the other eight were contaminants (Hormodendrum sp.). Morphological studies were done using the slide culture technique. The physiological criteria used were: urease production, gelatin and Loeffler media liquefaction; xanthine, tyrosine, starch and casein hydrolysis; nitrate utilization; carbohydrate uptake; sensitivity to cycloheximide and thermotolerance in glucose-Sabouraud medium. The physiological tests did not provide characteristic patterns for the different genera of pathogenic fungi, even though these differences were detected in non pathogenic fungi; the tests may be useful for the quick separation of both groups. Physiological test may have a limited value in the identification of fungi and the morphological analysis cannot be substituted by physiological studies.
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PMID:[Morphologic and physiologic characteristics of Costa Rica pathogenic fungi (Dermatiaceae)]. 184 48

A new microaerophilic, spirally curved, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from the gastric mucosa of a pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina). The gram-negative cells of this bacterium are oxidase, catalase, and urease positive and strongly resemble Helicobacter pylori (Campylobacter pylori) cells. Like H. pylori, this organism does not metabolize glucose, does not reduce nitrate or produce indole, does not produce H2S from triple sugar iron agar, does not hydrolyze hippurate or esculin, and does not grow in the presence of 1% glycine, 1.5% salt, or 1% bile. Also like H. pylori, it is resistant to nalidixic acid and susceptible to cephalothin. However, unlike H. pylori, the colorless colonies are flat and have irregular edges. This organism has a unique cellular fatty acid composition, forming a new gas-liquid chromatography group, group K, and a distinctive DNA content (24 mol% guanine plus cytosine). It exhibits less than 10% DNA-DNA homology (as determined by the nylon filter blot method at 65 degrees C) with other members of the genus Helicobacter. Although the levels of DNA relatedness between previously described Helicobacter species and the new organism are low (less than 10%) and the difference in guanine-plus-cytosine content is large (24 versus 36 to 41 mol%), the genus Helicobacter is the only genus in which it is logical to include the organism at this time. We propose that our single strain represents a new species, Helicobacter nemestrinae, and we designate strain T81213-NTB (= ATCC 49396) as the type strain.
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PMID:Helicobacter nemestrinae sp. nov., a spiral bacterium found in the stomach of a pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) 174 3

When leprosy bacilli grown in nude mouse foot pad were used for culture experiments, cultivable acid-fast bacillus was sometimes isolated as a contaminant. Whenever bacilli were inoculated to nude mice, the same leprosy bacilli were killed by autoclaving and were inoculated in to foot pads of 5 nude mice for examination of this cause of the contamination. Acid-fast bacillus was cultivated on 3% Ogawa egg medium at 33 degrees C from homogenates of foot pads of nude mice infected with M. leprae after one year and a while of infection. Foot pad of nude mouse injected with leprosy bacilli was cut off, ground in mortar and passed through sterile absorbent cotton and the filtrate was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 30 minutes. The sediment was inoculated on 3% Ogawa egg medium after treating with a small amount of sterile 1 N sodium hydroxide. Acid-fast bacilli were isolated from 3 out of 41 mice inoculoted with heat killed bacilli. The isolated acid-fast bacillus did not be observed in the same experimental group inocudated with live bacilli, positive cases were scattered in another groups. Four out of 16 tubes were positive for acid-fast bacilli in mice infected with Kurume-naha and 5 out of 7 tubes in the Amami-KM infected mouse group. The two negative tubes were discarded due to contamination. Kurume-Oki strain which has yellow colonial morphology was isolated from one out of 6 culture tubes. Strains Kurume-naha and Amami-KM have the same characteristics as follows: slow grower with pale yellow smooth colonial morphology, strongly positive for niacin production and ureas; positive for nicotinamidase, pyradinamidase and 68 degrees C catalase; no growth at 45 degrees C, negative for nitrate reduction, hydrolysis of Tween 80, diamine oxidase, heat stable acid-phosphatase and arylsulphatase; resistant to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and B 663. Two isolates were identified as Mycobacterium simiae from these characteristics. Characteristics of a Kurume-Oki isolate was as follows: slow grower with yellow smooth colonial morphology, positive for urease, 68 degrees C catalase, hydrolysis of Tween 80 and arylsulfatase; no growth at 45 degrees C, negative for niacin production, nicotinamidase, pyradinamidase, nitrate reduction, daimine oxidase and heat stable acid-phosphatase; resistant to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and B. 663. This bacillus was identified as Mycobacterium gordonae from these characteristics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Acid-fast bacilli isolated from foot pads of nude mice infected with leprosy bacilli]. 213 33

Three cases of great toenail infection are described in which a slow-growing arthroconidial hyphomycete was isolated repeatedly and in pure culture. Direct microscopy revealed hyaline, round to barrel-shaped arthroconidia, hyaline hyphae of varying width, and broad thick-walled brownish hyphae. Three additional isolates were obtained from clinical specimens, for which the results of direct microscopy were unknown or negative. The fungus was resistant to cycloheximide, sensitive to common antifungal drugs by susceptibility tests in vitro and sensitive to benomyl. It was urease positive, hydrolysed casein and tyrosine but not xanthine or hypoxanthine, showed no specific nutritional requirements but grew better on carbohydrate-free media, assimilated 12 carbohydrates and potassium nitrate, and failed to perforate hair. The fungus is described as Onychocola canadensis Sigler gen. et sp. nov., and it is compared to Scytalidium lignicola, Scytalidium hyalinum and the Scytalidium synanamorph of Nattrassia mangiferae (Hendersonula toruloidea).
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PMID:Toenail infection caused by Onychocola canadensis gen. et sp. nov. 214 86

The toxicity of Cu, Ni and Fe individually, as well as in combination (Cu + Ni, Cu + Fe, Ni + Fe), on growth-rate depression, uptake of NO3- and NH4+, photosynthesis, nitrate reductase and urease activity of Chlorella vulgaris has been studied. All the test metals when used individually showed pronounced toxicity on all the parameters studied. However, their interactive effect was mostly antagonistic except for Cu + Ni (synergism). Pre-addition of Fe offered more protection to the cells against copper and nickel toxicity. The data of statistical analysis reconfirmed that 14CO2 uptake is the most sensitive parameter (significant at P less than 0.005, both for time and treatment) than others in metal toxicity assessment. However, these results suggest further that exposure time and sequence of metal addition are very important in biomonitoring of heavy metal toxicity.
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PMID:Impact of bimetallic combinations of Cu, Ni and Fe on growth rate, uptake of nitrate and ammonium, 14CO2 fixation, nitrate reductase and urease activity of Chlorella vulgaris. 216 14

CDC group M-6 is the vernacular name given to a gram-negative, oxidase-positive, aerobic, nonmotile, rod-shaped bacterium. This organism is biochemically similar to Kingella denitrificans and displays a cellular fatty acid profile consistent with CDC groups M-5 and EF-4 and with Neisseria elongata. Of the 95 M-6 strains referred to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for identification, 32 (64%) of the first 50 were from the throat or sputum and only 3 (6%) were from blood; only 5 (11%) of the next 45 isolates were from the upper respiratory tract and 23 (51%) were from blood, with many of these (15 or 65%) being associated with endocarditis. The major characteristics of CDC group M-6 include reduction of nitrate and nitrite with no gas formation; positive reaction for oxidase; negative reactions for catalase, urease, indole, and motility; and no acid production from carbohydrates. Guanine-plus-cytosine content determined spectrophotometrically by thermal denaturation was 55 to 58 mol % for six M-6 strains tested: 56 mol % for the N. elongata subsp. elongata type strain and for the N. elongata subsp. glycolytica type strain. By the hydroxyapatite method, DNAs from 24 M-6 strains showed an average of 78% relatedness to M-6 reference strain B1019 in reactions at 60 degrees C and 73% relatedness in reactions at 75 degrees C. M-6 strain B1019 was 79% related to the N. elongata type strain at 60 degrees C and 71% related at 75 degrees C; it was 75% related to the type strain N. elongata subsp. glycolytica at 60 degrees C and was 66% related at 75 degrees C. DNAs from CDC group EF-4, K. denitrificans, and CDC group M-5 were all less than 14% related to CDC group M-6 at 75 degrees C. The DNA relatedness data showed conclusively that all the M-6 strains belong in the species N. elongata. M-6 is different from N. elongata subsp. elongata in that M-6 reduces nitrate and sometimes weakly acidifies D-glucose, and it is different from N. elongata subsp. glycolytica in that it reduces nitrate and is negative for glucose and catalase. Because of the apparent clinical significance of M-6 compared with the clinical significance of N. elongata subsp. elongata and N. elongata subsp. glycolytica and the ease in distinguishing it biochemically, we propose M-6 as a third subspecies of N.elongata, N. elongata subsp. nitroreducens subsp. nov.
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PMID:Neisseria elongata subsp. nitroreducens subsp. nov., formerly CDC group M-6, a gram-negative bacterium associated with endocarditis. 227 87

Strongly catalase-positive Gram-negative anaerobic rods were isolated from approximately half of all intra-abdominal specimens received from patients with gangrenous and perforated appendicitis, and subsequently also from normal faecal specimens. The organism was originally detected on Bacteroides-bile-aesculin (BBE) agar, and grew slowly on non-selective anaerobic media containing blood. It was stimulated by bile and differed from other known genera by being urease- and catalase-positive, and by reducing nitrate. It did not reduce sulphate. Other anaerobic Gram-negative rods showed no homology by DNA dot-blot hybridization. The thermal melting profile of chromosomal DNA showed 39-40 mol% G + C. The whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester profile included cyclic and branched long-chain acids, and differed from those of all other anaerobes that have been tested. beta-Lactamase was not detected. The name Bilophila wadsworthia gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed for this organism.
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PMID:Bilophila wadsworthia, gen. nov. and sp. nov., a unique gram-negative anaerobic rod recovered from appendicitis specimens and human faeces. 263 63

Cryptococcus albidus var. albidus was isolated from the blood of a patient with pemphigus foliaceus after steroid therapy. This organism was found in triple extract peptone medium which is used in our laboratory for blood culture to detect aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Identification of Cryptococcus was made by the API 20C yeast carbohydrate assimilation test, together with conventional procedures. These include the demonstration of chlamydospore production, germ tube test, urease test, nitrate assimilation test and colony morphology. The patient infected with Cryptococcus albidus var albidus had a good response to oral ketoconazole therapy, then the recovered and was discharged. The isolate obtained from this case may be regarded as an etiologic agent in fungemia.
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PMID:Isolation of Cryptococcus albidus var. albidus in patient with pemphigus foliaceus. 273 71

Isolates (n = 94) of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis were obtained from sheep, goats, horses, and cattle from various parts of the world. The isolates were characterized biochemically and by restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA. We found near homogeneity in the ability of isolates to ferment carbohydrates and to produce urease. All isolates produced phospholipase D and catalase. The ability of isolates from horses to reduce nitrate, the inability of isolates from sheep and goats to do so, and the correlation of this characteristic with results of restriction endonuclease analyses confirmed the existence of 2 biovars of C pseudotuberculosis. We propose that these biovars be referred to as biovar equi for isolates that reduce nitrate and biovar ovis for isolates that fail to do so.
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PMID:Biochemical and genetic characterization of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. 283 63

Commercial identification kits (API 20C, API Yeast-Ident and API-Zym) were compared with a conventional but simplified identification method (SIM) for identifying seventy-two yeast isolates from fresh sweet corn. SIM failed to provide identification of two isolates. Of the twenty species identified, only eleven were included in the API 20C profile index. Three isolates were identified at the species level and three were identified at the genus level with 100% accuracy. The enzyme kit (Yeast-Ident) gave rather unreliable results, in that identification of only four isolates with 75 to 85% of appropriate reactions was made. The API 20C kit could be used to identify non-clinical yeasts, provided they were included in its database and a few additional tests (urease reaction, nitrate assimilation and glucose fermentation) were also performed.
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PMID:Evaluation of simplified and commercial systems for identification of foodborne yeasts. 307 71


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