Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:6.3.4.6 (urease)
7,490 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of LC(50) and a sublethal concentration of lead nitrate on the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, lipase and urease in the kidneys and ovaries of a teleost fish, Channa punctatus has been examined after 96 hr and 30 days respectively. The results show that all the five enzymes in the two tissues are inhibited significantly at both the experimental stages. However, the inhibition produced after 30 days by the sublethal concentration ish higher indicating the cumulative action of lead. Further, the inhibition of enzymes is, more marked in kidney than in the ovary.
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PMID:Effects of lead nitrate on the activities of a few enzymes in the kidney and ovary Heteropneustes fossillis. 22

Tests of the PathoTec system intended for express bacteriological diagnosis were checked in comparative experiments with the common biochemical methods. Cultures of the following microbes were used: Schigella, Salmonella, Escherichia, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, Providencia, Pseudomonas, Bordetella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus. In a number of tests, such as determination of cytochromoxidase, nitrate reduciase, phenylalaninedeaminase, indol, acetoin (for the differentiation of enterobacteria), detection of plasmocoagulation and mannite fermentation (for staphylococci) there was revealed a complete coincidence of the results. However, discrepancies were revealed with three of the reagents tested (for lysine decarboxylase, urease, citrate utilization) with regard to some groups of enterobacteria. The advantages of the PathoTec system consisted in more rapid results, simplicity of procedures, economy of media and ware.
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PMID:[Checking the reliability of the PathoTec biochemical test system for bacterial identification]. 32 64

It was the aim of the present communication to find a simple test for a reliable discrimination of Mycobacterium bovis BCG from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A total of 26 BCG strains, out of them 10 Czechoslovak strains (2 lyophilized cultures of BCG of different batch, 6 strains isolated from abscesses of children after BCG-vaccination and 2 strains from fatal cases after BCG-vaccination) and 16 strains obtained from foreign laboratories, were used. Of the tested characteristics a combination of 3 tests, sensitivity to 1 microgram of 2-thiophene carbonylhydrazide (TCH), activity of 3 acylamidases (urease, nicotinamidase and pyrazinamidase) and a quantitative nitrate test, was found to be most advantageous. The Czechoslovak strains of Mycobacterium bovis BCG were fully sensitive to TCH, of the 3 acylamidases mentioned above only urease was positive and nitrate was reduced only little or not at all. On the other hand, strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were always resistant to TCH, had positive urease, nicotinamidase and pyrazinamidase and reduced nitrate very intensively.
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PMID:Cytochemical and biological properties of Mycobacterium bovis BCG. 33 Mar 64

In order to improve the isolation and identification of yeasts in a cancer research hospital, a protocol was developed utilizing an improved blood culture methodology and a four-test schema for rapid yeast identification. The blood culturing technique, based upon centrifugation, has shown a ten-fold increase in isolation of fungi from blood and has provided for: quantitation or organisms, unlimited selection of media and atmospheres for primary culturing, and a 1:200 dilution of microorganisms away from serum antimicrobial factors and antibiotics. The four-test schema, which may be adapted for the identification of any unknown yeast in pure culture, consists of a dye pour plate auxanogram (DPPA), Tween 80-Oxgall-Caffeic acid (TOC), a rapid nitrate-reductase test (swab test) and Urea 'R' Broth. Using this protocol, over 95% of the clinical isolates received were correctly identified within 24 hours and 100% by 48 hours. By using DPPA, a 14 sugar assimilation pattern for each isolate was determined within 12 to 16 hours; and in some cases, as little as 6 hours. Growth on TOC yielded one of the following results: (1) Candida albicans and Candida stellatoidea sequentially produced germ tubes and chlamydospores in 3 hours and 24 hours, respectively; (2) Cryptococcus neoformans produced a brown pigment specific for its identification in 12 hours or less. The swab test gave results on nitrate utilization in less than 15 minutes and urease was detected within 4 hours.
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PMID:Isolation and rapid identification of yeasts from compromised hosts. 37 Jun

Twenty-three isolates of Achromobacter species (CDC group Vd) were examined morphologically and biochemically. Gram stains revealed gram-variable bacilli frequently curved or hooked at one pole and often coryneform in shape and arrangement. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of extracellular material in polar accumulations and demonstrated the polar flagella arrangement seen by light microscopy to be lateral. Two colony types were produced; one was minute and watery at 24 h (35 degrees C) progressing to large, mucoid colonies at 48 h, and the other type was shiny, glistening, opaque but nonmucoid. All isolates grew on MacConkey agar and produced catalase, oxidase, and urease. Most grew on salmonella-shigella agar, reduced nitrate to nitrite and gas, hydrolyzed esculin, deaminated phenylalanine (2 to 4 days) and produced H2S in triple sugar iron agar (4 to 12 days). Oxidation of carbohydrates was weak, delayed, and limited to glucose and xylose. Two isolates also oxidized maltose, mannitol, and sucrose. The ability of miniaturized "nonfermenter" kits to identify Achromobacter species was tested. The Minitek (Baltimore Biological Laboratory, Cockeysville, Md.) and N/F (Corning, Roslyn, N.Y.) systems, respectively, identified 21 and 19 of the 23 isolates, whereas the Oxi/Ferm (Roche, Nutley, N.J.) identified 13 and the API 20E (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.) identified only 3.
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PMID:Achromobacter species (CDC group Vd): morphological and biochemical characterization. 37 35

A total of 387 yeasts from the contents of the digestive tracts of domestic animals and poultry were identified by slide agglutination tests using factor antisera and urease tests. The results of this serological test were very satisfactory with respect to accuracy and rapidity, particularly when performed in combination with concomitant physiological tests only for assimilation of inositol and potassium nitrate. It may be concluded that such a combination of serological and biological tests is very useful for identifying yeast strains from various sources.
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PMID:Rapid identification of yeasts by serological methods: a combined serological and biological method. 39 60

Seventeen strains of the new species Bacillus azotoformans were isolated by enrichment culture in peptone broth inoculated with pasteurized soil and then incubated under N2O at 32 degrees C. The bacterium is a Gram-negative rod, motile with peritrichous flagella, which produces oval spores without exosporia in swollen sporangia. However, the cells have thick walls, mesosomes, and persistent septa characteristic of Gram-positive bacteria. The bacterium lacks fermentative activity, does not attack carbohydrates, has complex growth requirements, and will grow anaerobically only if one of the following electron acceptors is present: NO3-, NO2-, N2O, S4O6--, or fumarate. Nitrate, nitrite, and nitrous oxide are denitrified with the production of N2. The microorganism is mesophilic, gives a positive oxidase reaction, synthesizes a type c cytochrome, and does not hydrolyse gelatin, starch, or "Tween 80." Poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid is snythesized when the bacterium is grown in a medium containing DL-3-hydroxybutyrate. The following enzymes are present: nitrate reductase A, respiratory nitrite reductase, tetrathionate and fumarate reductases, and L-glutamate dehydrogenase. The following enzymes are absent: thiosulfate reductase, urease, lecithinase, arginine dihydrolase, phenylalanine deaminase, and catalase. For the 17 strains, the mean value of the G = C percent of the DNA is 39.8 +/- 1.2. All the strains are highly similar.
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PMID:[Morphological, physiological and taxonomic studies of Bacillus azotoformans]. 65 12

A Gram-negative bacillus that defies identification was isolated from blood cultures of 17 patients with fever. Fifteen patients were male adults, and 14 patients had underlying diseases, including previous splenectomy in five, which impair host defenses against infection. Illnesses occurred in the summer and autumn in 14 cases and had been recently preceded by dog bites in 10 cases. Clincal syndromes included cellulitis in seven cases, primary bacteremia without localization in four, purulent meningitis in four, and endocarditis in three. Three patients died. The organism grows slowly on blood or chocolate agar in 10% CO, is oxidase- and catalase-positive, and is negative for nitrate reduction, indole production, and urease. It produces acid from glucose, lactose, and maltose. These features distinguish it from all previously described and classified bacteria. Furthermore, the epidemiologic features of the patients suggest that this organism is an opportunistic invader and may have an animal reservoir in nature.
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PMID:Unidentified gram-negative rod infection. A new disease of man. 83 7

Thirty-seven cultures of Vd-3 bacteria, isolated from clinical specimens, were characterized morphologically and physiologically. The cultures produced positive reactions when tested for oxidase, urease, nitrate reduction, phenylalanine deaminase, oxidative metabolism of carbohydrate substrates, and 3-ketolactose production. These peritrichously flagellated microorganisms were isolated primarily from the respiratory tract. When compared to authentic strains of Agrobacterium, they appeared to be most similar to A. radiobacter. Gas-liquid chromatography of trimethylsilyl derivatives of whole-cell hydrolysates of some of the Vd-3 strains and A. radiobacter yielded nearly identical elution patterns. The Vd-3 cultures were identified as probable strains of A. radiobacter. A method is presented for differentiating cultures of A. radiobacter from other similar bacteria encountered in clinical specimens. Although these bacteria rarely occur in clinical specimens, the clinical microbiologist should be familiar withe their outstanding characteristics.
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PMID:Comparison of thirty-seven strains of Vd-3 bacteria with Agrobacterium radiobacter: morphological and physiological observations. 84 44

Eleven patients were colonized or infected with diphtheroids identified as Corynebacterium xerosis. All the patients were compromised hosts by nature of their underlying disease and/or therapy. Two patients developed bacteremia following colonization of the respiratory tract with C. xerosis. Other patients were colonized at various sites, which included the respiratory tract, abdominal and thoracic wounds, amputated limb, and arterial-venous shunt. Distinctive features for the identification of C. xerosis include negative reactions for hemolysis, urease, and motility, and positive reactions for catalase, glucose, sucrose and nitrate reduction. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by the disk diffusion method. In many instances the organisms were resistant to the antimicrobial regimens received by the patients. This was most frequent for nafcillin, gentamicin, kanamycin, clindamycin, and chloramphenicol. On the other hand, the organisms were highly susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin and carbenicillin.
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PMID:Isolation of Corynebacterium xerosis from clinical specimens: infection and colonization. 87 4


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