Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.3.4.6 (urease)
 7,490 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bacteria of the avian [Pasteurella haemolytica]-'Actinobacillus salpingitidis' complex have been associated with different pathological conditions in birds, among which salpingitis and peritonitis in chickens of layer type seem to dominate. The aim of this study was to classify these bacteria by comparison of 37 strains tentatively classified as biovars of the avian [P. haemolytica]-'A. salpingitidis' complex or as Pasteurella anatis. PFGE, AFLP and plasmid profiling showed that strains representing different biovars were genotypically different. Phylogenetic analysis of 22 strains characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison showed that strains classified as biovars 5, 8 and 9 were closely related to the suggested type strain of 'A. salpingitidis' (98.4-99.9% similarity), whereas the remaining strains classified in 12 biovars or as P. anatis were closely related to the type strain of P. anatis (98.1-100% similarity). The two groups were related at 95.7-97.1% similarity. The closest similarity outside this group was 94.6%, between biovar 15 and Bisgaard taxon 3. DNA-DNA hybridization was performed with 34 strains and showed binding above 85% for strains of biovars 5 and 8, including the suggested type strain of 'A. salpingitidis'. Two strains of P. anatis (F 149T and F 279) were closely related at 79% DNA binding to 27 strains of biovars 1,3, 4, 11, 12, 17-20, 22 and 24. A new genus, Gallibacterium gen. nov., is proposed to include the avian [P. haemolytica]-'A. salpingitidis'-P. anatis complex, since these taxa form a monophyletic unit with similarities above 95% on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence comparison and they are unrelated to other genera of the family Pasteurellaceae Pohl 1981. The new genus consists of Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped or pleomorphic bacteria. The bacteria are catalase-, oxidase- and phosphatase-positive. Nitrate is reduced and acid is produced without gas formation from glycerol, (-)D-ribose, (+)D-xylose, (-)D-mannitol, (-)D-fructose, (+)D-galactose, (+)D-glucose, (+)D-mannose, sucrose and raffinose. The genus Gallibacterium can be separated from other genera of Pasteurellaceae by differences in catalass, symbiotic growth, haemolysis, urease, indole, acid production from (+)D-xylose, (-)D-mannitol, (-)D-sorbitol, (+)D-mannose, maltose, raffinose and dextrin and ONPG and PNPG tests. Pasteurella anatis Mutters et al. 1985 is transferred to the new genus as Gallibacterium anatis gen. nov., comb. nov. Genomospecies 1 of Gallibacterium is proposed to include the former biovars 5 and 8 of the avian [P. haemolytica]-'A. salpingitidis' complex. The type strain of Gallibacterium anatis is F 149T (=ATCC 43329T = NCTC 11413T) and the reference strain of Gallibacterium genomospecies 1 is CCM 5974.
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PMID:Genetic relationships among avian isolates classified as Pasteurella haemolytica, 'Actinobacillus salpingitidis' or Pasteurella anatis with proposal of Gallibacterium anatis gen. nov., comb. nov. and description of additional genomospecies within Gallibacterium gen. nov. 1265 85

Proteus mirabilis commonly infects the complicated urinary tract and is associated with urolithiasis. Stone formation is caused by bacterial urease, which hydrolyzes urea to ammonia, causing local pH to rise, and leads to the subsequent precipitation of magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and calcium phosphate (apatite) crystals. To prevent these infections, we vaccinated CBA mice with formalin-killed bacteria or purified mannose-resistant, Proteus-like (MR/P) fimbriae, a surface antigen expressed by P. mirabilis during experimental urinary tract infection, via four routes of immunization: subcutaneous, intranasal, transurethral, and oral. We assessed the efficacy of vaccination using the CBA mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection. Subcutaneous or intranasal immunization with formalin-killed bacteria and intranasal or transurethral immunization with purified MR/P fimbriae significantly protected CBA mice from ascending urinary tract infection by P. mirabilis (P < 0.05). To investigate the potential of MrpH, the MR/P fimbrial tip adhesin, as a vaccine, the mature MrpH peptide (residues 23 to 275, excluding the signal peptide), and the N-terminal receptor-binding domain of MrpH (residues 23 to 157) were overexpressed as C-terminal fusions to maltose-binding protein (MBP) and purified on amylose resins. Intranasal immunization of CBA mice with MBP-MrpH (residues 23 to 157) conferred effective protection against urinary tract infection by P. mirabilis (P < 0.002).
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PMID:Development of an intranasal vaccine to prevent urinary tract infection by Proteus mirabilis. 1468 82

Series of liquid photopolimerized compositions based on oligourethanemetacrylate (OUM-1000T and OUM-2000T) and oligocarbonatemethacrylate (OCM-2), butilmethacrylate, methacrylic that acid, monomethacrylic ether of ethylene glycol and vinylpirrolidone (VP) were tested. It was shown the optimal variant of enzyme sensor development was a composition containing VP (a basic hydrophylic matrix), OCM-2 (crosslinked components) and OUM-2000T (crosslinked and increasing adsorption of polymer component). The blend contains 3% of enzyme. The obtained biosensors as based on immobilized beta-glucose oxidase and ureases have the following charachteristics: the linear response in the range of the concentration 0.1-10 mM, 0.05-20 mM, angle of slope of curve 30 mV/pC, 38 mV/pC, and response time 10-15, 5-10 mines, respectively. The maximal response of urease sensor was in the diapazon of pH 6.0-6.5. The increase of NaCl concentration in the solution to 300 mM caused reduction of sensor response. Under this concentration the was latter equal to half of initial response. Further increase of NaCl concentration (to 500 mM) doesn't lead to further response reduction. K(m) was calculated and it was shown, that amount of immobilized urease and beta-glucose oxidase in photopolymer material was equal 0.85 and 3.1 mM respectively.
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PMID:[Liquid photo-polymerized compositions as an immobilized matrix of biosensors]. 1496 68

Purified arginases secreted from Evernia prunastri and Xanthoria parietina thalli hydrolyze arginine in a Mn2+ -dependent reaction. Ca2+ cannot replace Mn2+, but its addition to reaction mixtures in the presence of Mn2+ significantly inhibited arginase activity. Arginases from both lichen species also show lectin function, binding to the cell wall of both homologous and heterologous algae. Such binding is enhanced by both Ca2+ and Mn2+ and results in cytoagglutination, which is counteracted by alpha-D-galactose. A putative ligand for these lectins consists of a glycosylated urease, the polysaccharide moiety of which is uniquely composed of alpha-D-galactose. Binding of lectins inhibits its enzymatic activity, which is recovered after desorption of the lectin with alpha-D-galactose. Urease is also eluted from arginase-agarose columns by using alpha-D-galactose as eluent. Data demonstrate ligand-dependent retention of the fungal lectin on the algal cell surface and this is consistent with a model of recognition of compatible algae, through which algal cells would form a lichen with a lectin-secreting fungus only when these cells contain the specific ligand for the lectin in their cell walls. This is, lectin binding is used as a mechanism for ensuring specificity in the association.
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PMID:Secreted arginases from phylogenetically farrelated lichen species act as cross-recognition factors for two different algal cells. 1550 67

Concanavalin A, the lectin from Canavalia ensiformis, develops arginase activity depending on Mn(2+). The cation cannot be substituted by Ca(2+) which, in addition, inhibits Mn(2+)-supported activity. Fluorescein-labeled Concanavalin A is able to bind to the cell wall of algal cells recently isolated from Evernia prunastri and Xanthoria parietina thalli. This binding involves a ligand, probably a glycoprotein containing mannose, which can be isolated by affinity chromatography. Analysis by SDS-PAGE reveals that the ligand is a dimeric protein composed by two monomers of 54 and 48 kDa. This ligand shows to be different from the receptor for natural lichen lectins, previously identified as a polygalactosylated urease.
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PMID:Concanavalin A binds to a mannose-containing ligand in the cell wall of some lichen phycobionts. 1559 96

An attempt was made to speciate 102 clinically significant isolates of coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) by a practical scheme adapted from various references. This scheme utilizes slide and tube coagulase test, urease test ornithine decarboxylase, novobiocin susceptibility and aerobic acid from mannose for assigning species group. Inclusion of one or two additional tests in a species group could identify the isolates to species level. Ninety eight (97%) isolates were conveniently identified as S. epidermidis (41%), S. saprophyticus (16.6%), S. haemolyticus (14.7%), S. hominis (14.7%), S. lugdunensis (4.9%), S. schleiferi (1.9%) and S. capitis (1.9%). Only four isolates were not identified to the species level, two of which were probably S. capitis subspecies ureolyticus / S. warneri / S. simulans . Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed maximum resistance to ampicillin (89%) followed by cefotaxime (59%) with no resistance to vancomycin. The increasing recognition of pathogenic potential of CoNS and emergence of drug resistance amongst them denotes the need to adopt simple laboratory procedures to identify and understand the diversity of staphylococci isolated from clinical material.
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PMID:Simple and economical method for speciation and resistotyping of clinically significant coagulase negative staphylococci. 1691 40

Organophosphate pesticides are used widely all over the world and play an important role in plant pest control. However these pesticides are considered as pollutants and harmful to human health. To search for microorganisms that can degrade organophosphate pesticides with high efficiency, a bacterial strain, coded as JS018, was isolated and screened from the soil in the vicinity of Shanming Pesticides Factory, Shanming, Fujian. Laboratory tests showed that the bacterium could degrade several kinds of organophosphate pesticides, such as Parathion-methyl and phoxin. The strain's degrading rates on phoxin, Parathion-methyl, hostathion and dichlorvos in LB liquid fermentation medium for 36 h were 99%, 96%, 80.4% and 69.0% respectively. The bacterial colonies on LB plate appeared shiny and pale-pink in color. The bacteria were Gram-negative coccoids, 0.5 - 0.7 microm in diameter. They grew well at 30 - 38 degrees C and pH 7.0 - 9.0. The optimal temperature and pH for cell growth was 32 degrees C and pH 7.5 - 8.0, respectively. They did not grow in medium containing 6% or more NaCl. The antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that the strain was resistant to ampicillin, penicillin and lincomycin. It was sensitive to kanamycin, tetracycline and gentamicin. Laboratory tests also showed that the strain could ferment D-glucose, trehalose, melezitose and ethanol. It was negative in the production of indole and hydrogen sulfide. It could not liquefy gelatin, utilize citrate, nor ferment L-arabinose, sucrose, D-mannitol, D-xylose, fructose, D-galactose, maltose or lactose. The catalase, urease and nitrate reduction were positive. Based on its morphological, physiological and biochemical properties as well as the 16S rDNA sequence analysis result, the strain was tentatively identified as Roseomonas sp.
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PMID:[Isolation and identification of a bacterial strain JS018 capable of degrading several kinds of organophosphate pesticides]. 1693 22

A pathogenic bacterium (CCF00024) was isolated from the kidney and liver of the diseased channel catfish with acute epidemic disease. Artificial infection proved that the bacterium was the pathogen of the disease. Its morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis were studied. The isolated strain is an aerobic, non-fermentative bacterium. The bacteria are gram negative, rods, with polar multi-flagella; Oxidase-negative, methyl-red-negative, lysine decarboxylase-positive, DNAase-positive, urease-positive, lipase-positive and protease-positive. The bacteria can't utilize most of sugars with production of acid, except maltose and mannose. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing the 16S rDNA sequence of the isolated strain (GenBank accession number AY970826) with other relative bacteria species in the RDP and GenBank databases. In the phylogenetic tree CCF00024, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 13637T, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia MG958T, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia M5-1 constitute a branch. The similarity value between strain CCF00024 and those 5 strains Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are 99.4%-99.6%. According to morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, the isolated strain (CCF00024) is identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
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PMID:[Isolation, identification and phylogenetic analysis of a pathogenic bacterium in channel catfish]. 1703 72

Hopeanolin (1), an unusual resveratral trimer with an ortho-quinone nucleus, was isolated and characterized from the stem bark of Hopea exalata. Also obtained were six known stibenoids, shoreaphenol (2), vaticanol G (3), alpha-viniferin (4), pauciflorol A (5), vaticanol A (6), and trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene 2-C-glucoside (7). The structure of 1 was determined by spectroscopic data interpretation. Compounds 1-7 were tested for antifungal activity and inhibitory effects against jack bean urease. Hopeanolin (1) demonstrated antifungal activity in the MIC value range 0.1-22.5 microg/mL.
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PMID:Bioactive oligostilbenoids from the stem bark of Hopea exalata. 1719 Apr 64

A 74-year-old woman presented with painful ulcerative nodules on the left forearm. She had received systemic steroid therapy for rheumatoid arthritis for several years. On physical examination, there were four hemorrhagic ulcerative nodules with a linear distribution on the left forearm (Fig. 1A). These nodules had developed over the course of 2 months, and the number of lesions had increased despite systemic antibiotic therapy. There was no sign of systemic dissemination of the disease. Biopsy of a nodule demonstrated suppurative granulomatous infiltration (Fig. 1B); the hyphae stained positive with periodic acid-Schiff (data is not shown) and Gomori-methenamine silver stains in the dermis (Fig. 1C). The biopsy specimen was cultured in Sabouraud's dextrose agar supplemented with cycloheximide with incubation at 26 degrees C. A yeast-like creamy colony grew in 1 week. The colony became yellowish gray in color and the surface folded radially after 4 weeks of incubation (Fig. 2A). Microscopic examination revealed arthroconidia and blastoconidia (Fig. 2B), and urease activity was positive. The fungus was identified as Trichosporon beigelii by yeast biochemical card (YBC, Biomerieux Vitek, Inc., Hazelwood, MO, USA). The sequences of rDNA obtained from the colony were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer, analyzing the sequences of the 5.8S and 28S rDNA regions for the genetic identification of the Trichosporon species. The sequences of the PCR product matched the corresponding sequences of the T. inkin strain with 99% accuracy (Fig. 2C). The patient was given oral itraconazole for 8 weeks with good clinical results.
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PMID:Trichosporon inkin subcutaneous infection in a rheumatoid arthritis patient. 1734 85


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