Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:6.3.4.6 (urease)
 7,490 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The biochemical characteristics of 464 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and 83 strains of Haemophilus parainfluenzae isolated over an 18-month period are described. Of 22 characteristics obtained, only 6 were necessary to biochemically identify and biotype the isolates. The key substrates or tests were urease, ornithine, indole, o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside, sucrose, and xylose. Five biotypes of H. influenzae and four of H. parainfluenzae were commonly recognized. Some strains were encountered which could not be accommodated in the recognized taxa but which constituted separate biotypes of the two species, H. influenzae biotype I was recovered principally from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and upper respiratory secretion, and biotypes II and III were recovered from eye and sputum cultures. Biotype I was recovered primarily from children less than 1 year of age, whereas biotypes II and III were from persons 1 to 5 years old and from those over 20 years of age. Multiple isolates recovered from the same patient were almost always of the same biotype. Strains of H. parainfluenzae were isolated primarily from sputum, with others being isolated from body sources such as dental abscesses, gastric aspirates, and peritoneal fluid. An inverse relationship was noticed between hemolysis and mannose fermentation among H. parainfluenzae biotype III strains, whereas the relationship was absent among the other biotypes.
 ...
PMID:Biotypes of Haemophilus encountered in clinical laboratories. 31 64

The Oxi/Ferm test system was evaluated for accuracy and reliability for identification of nonfermentative and oxidase-positive fermentative bacteria by using 375 bacterial strains obtained from stock culture and clinical specimens. The Oxi/Ferm system is a compartmentalized tube containing eight media to provide nine biochemical test results. When combined with the oxidase test, the results corresponding to the positive reactions are totaled and the composite number is located in the coding manual to identify the organisms. The 375 isolates studied were evaluated for accuracy of identification, using both the original and revised code manuals. In comparison with the conventional media used, there was 100% correlation in tests for hydrogen sulfide and indole production, over 96% for nitrogen gas, arginine, and urease, over 92% for xylose and dextrose oxidation, and less than 90% for citrate utilization and dextrose fermentation. There was an overall accuracy in identification of 89.3% using the original manual, with accuracy revised slightly upward to 90.7% using the revised manual. There was 100% accuracy in identification with 44.0% of the strains tested (11 species) using the original manual and with 66.1% (16 species) using the revised manual. Thirteen of the 40 original misidentifications and 14 of 35 revised misidentifications resulted from failure to code and were unidentifiable by Oxi/Ferm. The remainder were incorrectly identified or could not be differentiated from closely related strains. Eleven strains of Alcaligenes odorans were correctly identified using the original code, whereas no code was provided in the revised manual. The Oxi/Ferm system is both simple and rapid and is satisfactory for identification of the more common isolates.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of the oxi/ferm tube system with selected Gram-negative bacteria. 33 24

More than 100 strains of Corynebacterium genitalium, probably responsible for coryneform urethritis and other infections, and 600 commensals of the male and female urogenital tracts have been studied and grouped into five pathogenic types numbered I to V and six saprophytic types designated C-1 to C-6 on the basis of eight biological reactions. This preliminary classification has been based on differences in requirements for oxygen, on the fermentation of fructose, dextrose, sucrose, and starch together with the production of the enzymes gelatinase, lipase, and urease. One criterion differentiated the pathogens from the commensals: All pathogens were nonfructose fermenters whereas every commensal fermented this sugar.
 ...
PMID:A diagnostic key employing biological reactions for differentiating pathogenic Corynebacterium genitalium (NSU corynebacteria) from commensals of the urogenital tract. 35 42

We have attended to a comparative research between two commercial microsystems: Enterotube and Minitek in order identify the Enterobacteriaceae and a reference system given by the combination of the usual macromethods already used in our laboratory. We have examined 401 bacterial cultures of Gram bacillus which we trought to belong to Enterobacteriums, coming from clinical material (excrements, urine, pharyngeal swabs, vaginal swabs, urethral swabs and espectoration) we have received for the bacteriological diagnosis. 390 of 401 cultures have shown to be Enterobacteriums. The biochemical reactions they have given show that the Enterotube and the Minitek have, with the usual system a good accordance for the following tests: dextrose (acid and gaz) lysin and ornithine decarboxylase, production of H2S and indole, phenylalanine deaminase and urease; while we have some statistically significant discordances for the fermenting of lactose and the use of citrate. We have also significant discordances E/C for the fermenting of dulcitole while the ones of Minitek are acceptables. The notes recommend the use, in the specialized bacteriological laboratories, of the conventional tests.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of two miniaturized systems widely used in the laboratories for the identification of the "Enterobacteriaceae" (author's transl)]. 39 48

Sixty-eight Haemophilus somnus strains isolated from the bovine in Canada and the U.S.A. were compared. In media enriched with 5% ovine serum, 5% bovine serum and 10% yeast extract, H. somnus fermented glucose, levulose, maltose, mannitol, mannose, sorbitol, trehalose and xylose, but failed to ferment arabinose, dulcitol, galactose, inositol, lactose, raffinose, rhamnose, salicin and sucrose. The organisms acidified litmus milk, produced cytochrome oxidase, indole and hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) and reduced nitrates to nitrites. The motility, methyl-red, acetylmethyl-carbinol urease catalase, citrate, malonate, lysine, ornithine and arginine tests were negative. Haemophilus somnus was resistant to lincomycin, neomycin and triple sulfa, but susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, penicillin and tetracycline. No antigenic differences were noted between strains when tested against rabbit antisera of eight strains using agglutination, complement-fixation, immunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis tests. Low titre cross-reactions were found in the agglutination tests with some of the anti-H. somnus rabbit sera with Actinobacillus lignieresi and Moraxella bovis. No distinct antigenic similarities to nine other species of pathogenic bacteria of animal origin were found. No difference was observed between H. somnus isolates from Ontario and those from western Canada and the U.S.A.
 ...
PMID:A comparison of various Haemophilus somnus strains. 92 55

Results of 29 physiologic tests are reported for 1,268 cultures of Pasteurella multocida from various hosts over a 10-year period. Of the cultures, 97 to 100% fermented galactose, glucose, mannitol, mannose, fructose, and sucrose, produced hydrogen sulfide and indole, and reduced nitrate; 6 to 91% fermented arabinose, glycerol, sorbitol, trehalose and xylose. Fermentation of dextrin, dulcitol, inositol, inulin, lactose, maltose, raffinose, rhamnose, and salicin, growth on MacConkey agar, change of litmus milk, production of urease and hemolysin, liquefaction of gelatin and motility were negative with 97 to 100% of the cultures. Of 200 cultures tested for catalase and oxidase, all were positive. Results of this study indicate that none of these tests will determine the host from which the culture was isolated.
 ...
PMID:Physiologic characteristics of 1,268 cultures of Pasteurella multocida. 93 97

The PathoTec Rapid I-D System for identifying Enterobacteriaceae was evaluated with 471 cultures. In 4,910 individual test comparisons, 95.5% of the results agreed, with results of only two test strips, those for esculin hydrolysis and urease production, agreeing with conventional tests in less than 94% of the trials. The PathoTec system exhibited 94.3% accuracy in identifying these cultures in a double-blind study with conventional media and procedures as the alternate system. Two newly developed test strips, for 0-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside and ornithine decarboxylase, were found to be highly reliable.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of the pathotec Rapid I-D system for identification of Enterobacteriaceae. 104 90

Foul hundred eighty-six members of the Enterobacteriaceae representing nine genera were identified by conventional methods, and the results were compared with MORLUC (Biotrol Company Inc., Jamaica, N.Y.). MORLUC, an acronym for melibiose, ONPG (o-nitrophenyl-beta-galactopyranoside), rhamnose, lysine decarboxylase, urease, and citrate, are six prepackaged reagent-impregnated paper loops which are sealed within a plastic packet. The hydrogen sulfide reaction obtained from a triple sugar iron slant is coupled with MORLUC results and is readily converted into a three-digit numerical code, which is referenced on a preprinted single page listing. Additionally, the triple sugar iron is used to confirm the glucose fermentation by an unknown isolate. Comparisons of individual MORLUC tests and standard methods results in a better than 92% agreement, except for unrease. Four hundred sixty-six of the 486 bacterial isolates, or 96% of the strains which were numerically identified by MORLUC, agreed with conventional diagnoses.
 ...
PMID:MORLUC numeric system for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae. 104 56

The taxonomic relationships between Clostridium bifermentans and C. sordellii were reinvestigated by numerical taxonomy, studies of DNA-DNA homology and DNA duplex thermal stability, and by analysis of cell-wall sugar components. Although the results indicate that both species may be grouped into one geno-species, C. sordellii strains could be differentiated from C. bifermentans strains on the basis of a few phenetic criteria that include the inability to ferment mannose and sorbitol, the absence of mannose in the cell wall, the production of urease, the absence of arginine deaminase activity, and susceptibility to inhibition of growth by mannose.
 ...
PMID:Reinvestigation of the taxonomy of Clostridium bifermentans and Clostridium sordellii. 114 17

Twenty-two strains corresponding by their biochemical properties to the genus Levinea - Citrobacter were isolated. Six of the strains were referred to the species Citrobacter diversus and 12 to C. freundii, whose properties are identical with those of L. malonatica and L. amalonatica, respectively. Four strains differed from Levinea organisms by some reactions, but were fully compatible with C. freundii (in the scheme of EWING and DAVIS); two of them utilized malonate. The taxonomic position of strains displaying the following biochemical properties: dextrose positive, indole positive, H2S negative, urease on Christensen's citrate medium positive, lysine-decarboxylase negative-is discussed. In routine practice, these strains may be more accurately identified by adding of four tests: adonitol with gas production, KCN, raffinose and malonate.
 ...
PMID:First isolations of Levinea-Citrobacter cultures in Czechoslovakia. 117 Jul


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>