Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.3.4.6 (urease)
 7,490 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-three isolates of Achromobacter species (CDC group Vd) were examined morphologically and biochemically. Gram stains revealed gram-variable bacilli frequently curved or hooked at one pole and often coryneform in shape and arrangement. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of extracellular material in polar accumulations and demonstrated the polar flagella arrangement seen by light microscopy to be lateral. Two colony types were produced; one was minute and watery at 24 h (35 degrees C) progressing to large, mucoid colonies at 48 h, and the other type was shiny, glistening, opaque but nonmucoid. All isolates grew on MacConkey agar and produced catalase, oxidase, and urease. Most grew on salmonella-shigella agar, reduced nitrate to nitrite and gas, hydrolyzed esculin, deaminated phenylalanine (2 to 4 days) and produced H2S in triple sugar iron agar (4 to 12 days). Oxidation of carbohydrates was weak, delayed, and limited to glucose and xylose. Two isolates also oxidized maltose, mannitol, and sucrose. The ability of miniaturized "nonfermenter" kits to identify Achromobacter species was tested. The Minitek (Baltimore Biological Laboratory, Cockeysville, Md.) and N/F (Corning, Roslyn, N.Y.) systems, respectively, identified 21 and 19 of the 23 isolates, whereas the Oxi/Ferm (Roche, Nutley, N.J.) identified 13 and the API 20E (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.) identified only 3.
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PMID:Achromobacter species (CDC group Vd): morphological and biochemical characterization. 37 35

Bacteria induce urinary crystallization of struvite and carbonate-apatite as a by-product of ureolysis by urease. Eradication of infection and/or inhibition of urease with acetohydroxamic acid for 5 to 30 months retarded stone growth and brought about partial or complete dissolution of stones in 9 patients. Long-term chemotherapy with antimicrobial agents that achieve sterile urine or acetohydroxamic acid in those patients with recalcitrant infection lessens the risk of recurrent calculogenesis.
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PMID:Adjunctive chemotherapy of infection-induced staghorn calculi. 38 Jan 9

Algorhythm and a program for identification of bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family, based on Edwards and Ewing's diagnostic scheme, were worked out. Use of this program permitted to analyze different sets of abbreviated biochemical tests. To determine the genera and species of enterobacteria a minimal set of 11 tests is suggested, including indol formation, Voges-Proskauer's reaction, the presence of urease enzymes, gelatinase, lysine decraboxylase, phenylalanine deaminase, glucose fermentation (gas), or lactose, inosite, sorbit, arabinose, rhamnose. The program admits increase of both the biochemical tests, and toxonomic groups of bacteria, this permitting to consider several families. The presence of strains deviating by properties from this scheme points to the necessity of further improvement of diagnostic schemes for the enterobacteria identification.
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PMID:[Use of a computer for the purpose of identifying bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae and the determination of the minimal set of differential tests]. 38 11

The Micro-ID system for rapid (4 h) identification of Enterobacteriaceae was evaluated by testing 433 enteric bacilli and 9 other gram-negative bacilli. Each isolate was identified with conventional tubed media and was also tested in the Micro-ID and API 20E systems. The overall accuracy of both systems was 97%. Micro-ID tests for the Voges-Proskauer reaction, indole and H2S production, and ornithine and lysine decarboxylase all demonstrated a 97 to 99% correlation with conventional methods. Only 86% of the Micro-ID urease tests agreed with Christenson urea agar. Two inoculum densities were tested in Micro-ID panels, with 157 stock cultures. Over 90% of the tests were unaffected by changes in inoculum density. Tests with four control strains suggested that the Micro-ID system was more reproducible when a light inoculum was used. The Micro-ID system was found to be a very convenient method for rapid, accurate, and precise identification of the Enterobacteriaceae.
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PMID:Rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae with the micro-ID system versus API 20E and conventional media. 38 17

The new API 20C yeast identification system together with appropriate microscopic morphology determinations achieved a 97% correlation with a rapid conventional method. Whereas a group composed of Candida, Torulopsis, Saccharomyces, and Rhodotorula was identified with ease (98% overall correlation), a second group, containing Cryptococcus, Trichosporon, and Geotrichum species, appeared to give the system the most difficulty (90% correlation). Within this group particular difficulty was encountered in identifying varieties of Cryptococcus albidus, C. terreus, C. laurentii, Trichosporon beigelli, and Geotrichum spp. as to species. The API 20C system should be incubated the full 72 h prescribed by the manufacturer. However, when used in conjunction with appropriate morphological tests, presumptive identifications of some Candida and Torulopsis species may be made at 24 to 48 h. To facilitate identifications of the more difficult group of yeasts, ancillary tests for determining nitrate reductase, urease, and phenol oxidase activities should be considered as additions to the strip. Incorporating the phenol oxidase test would be especially important for identification of Cryptococcus neoformans, a yeast which should be identified as quickly and as accurately as possible. The API 20C system with computer assistance has proved to be an easy-to-inoculate, versatile, and fairly rapid method of yeast identification, giving results comparable to those obtained by conventional methodologies.
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PMID:Evaluation of the new API 20C strip for yeast identification against a conventional method. 38 21

A rapid simplified screening method that selectively detected the urease activity of 99.6% of 286 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans within 15 min was developed for use in clinical microbiology laboratories.
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PMID:Rapid selective urease test for presumptive identification of Cryptococcus neoformans. 38 22

Urinary stones form as a consequence of urinary supersaturation. Supersaturation occurs as a result of elevated concentrations of urinary solutes. Dietary, metabolic, endocrine, hereditary, and infectious processes alter urinary solute concentrations. Struvite (MgNH4PO. 6H2O) and carbonate-apatite [Ca10(PO4)6CO3] stones form in urine that becomes supersaturated as a by-product of the hydrolysis of urea by the bacterial enzyme urease. Urease-induced stones manifest primarily as branched renal calculi and as bladder calculi. Conventional therapy has usually consisted of surgical removal of the stone combined with a short course of antimicrobial therapy. Such treatment is curative in about 50% of cases. Recurrent stone formation and progressive pyelonephritis occur in those who are not cured. Adjunctive medical treatment with acetohydroxamic acid or hydroxyurea lessens the risk of calculogenesis and decreases growth of residual stones in patients who are not cured by conventional therapy. Patients with urea-splitting urinary infection and renal stones have a major life-threatening disease. The morbidity and expense that result from this disease are great. Long-term (perhaps lifetime) chemotherapy with antimicrobial agents and/or urease-inhibiting drugs combined with judicious and expert surgical intervention can be expected to significantly improve the plight of these unfortunate patients.
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PMID:Urease stones. 38 98

A total of 387 yeasts from the contents of the digestive tracts of domestic animals and poultry were identified by slide agglutination tests using factor antisera and urease tests. The results of this serological test were very satisfactory with respect to accuracy and rapidity, particularly when performed in combination with concomitant physiological tests only for assimilation of inositol and potassium nitrate. It may be concluded that such a combination of serological and biological tests is very useful for identifying yeast strains from various sources.
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PMID:Rapid identification of yeasts by serological methods: a combined serological and biological method. 39 60

We have attended to a comparative research between two commercial microsystems: Enterotube and Minitek in order identify the Enterobacteriaceae and a reference system given by the combination of the usual macromethods already used in our laboratory. We have examined 401 bacterial cultures of Gram bacillus which we trought to belong to Enterobacteriums, coming from clinical material (excrements, urine, pharyngeal swabs, vaginal swabs, urethral swabs and espectoration) we have received for the bacteriological diagnosis. 390 of 401 cultures have shown to be Enterobacteriums. The biochemical reactions they have given show that the Enterotube and the Minitek have, with the usual system a good accordance for the following tests: dextrose (acid and gaz) lysin and ornithine decarboxylase, production of H2S and indole, phenylalanine deaminase and urease; while we have some statistically significant discordances for the fermenting of lactose and the use of citrate. We have also significant discordances E/C for the fermenting of dulcitole while the ones of Minitek are acceptables. The notes recommend the use, in the specialized bacteriological laboratories, of the conventional tests.
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PMID:[Evaluation of two miniaturized systems widely used in the laboratories for the identification of the "Enterobacteriaceae" (author's transl)]. 39 48

The possibility to keep some biochemical reactions of the parent strains (urease-positive, glucose fermentation, phenylalanine-deaminase-positive, H2S but not indol production) was demonstrated in 5 L-forms, obtained from as many strains of Pr. mirabilis and in 1 L-form, isolated from a vaginal secretion and identified as belonging to the same species. The indirect hemagglutination technique, made by the sonicated antigen in 3 of the 6 L-forms with Proteus OXK antiserum, resulted positive in titers varying from 1:128 to 1:1024. Crossed tests made with antisera for different bacterial species (e. coli, Shigella, klebsiella, ecc.) and of Mycoplasma (M. hominis, M. orale, M. salivarium, M. fermentans, M. arthritidis) put in evidence aspecific reactions only in 1.3% of the bacterial antisera. On the contrary, all 5 antisera for Mycoplasma were able to agglutinate the sensitized erythrocytes at titers quite analogous to that of the homologous antiserum. The sensitivities to various antibiotics of the 6 L-forms and the parent strains has been determined. All of L-forms were more resistent to the tetracycline than L-forms of other bacterial species. On the basis of te results got by biochemical and serological tests, we confirm the necessity to make use of both the groups of tests, in order to identify the L-forms of recent isolation.
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PMID:[Researches on some biochemical and serological properties and on the sensitivity to antibiotics of L-forms of "Proteus" (author's transl)]. 40 87


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