Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:6.3.4.6 (urease)
7,490 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty isolates of Pasteurella (Moraxella) anatipestifer from ducks with serositis and septicemia in Thailand between 1988 and 1989 were characterized by various tests. Eighteen isolates fermented glucose and maltose, 3 fructose and 1 each mannose, arabinose, trehalose or sorbitol. All isolates produced gelatinase but not urease, while 2, 3, 5 and 6 produced indole, were CAMP positive, and were proteolytic for milk and coagulated serum respectively. Seven enzymes, phosphatase alkaline, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, phosphatase acid and phosphoamidase were detected from all the isolates. The isolates were highly susceptible to ampicillin, erythromycin, penicillin G and tylosin. Gel-diffusion precipitin tests demonstrated that serotype 1 was most prevalent (60%) and serotype 6 followed (5%). Seven isolates (35%) were untypable. These results indicated that P. anatipestifer of serotype 1 played an important role in recent outbreaks of the disease in Thailand.
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PMID:Physiological characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes of Pasteurella anatipestifer isolated from ducks in Thailand. 820 23

A 12,820 bp fragment from the right arm of chromosome II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was sequenced and analysed. This fragment contains six non-overlapping long open reading frames (ORFs) designated from the centromere- to the telomere-proximal ends as: YBR1441, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446 and 1448. YBR1441 encodes a polypeptide of 845 amino acids which shares a long consensus domain with products of S. cerevisiae MCM2, MCM3, CDC46 and Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc21+ genes. These genes are involved in DNA replication. YBR1445 encodes a polypeptide of 404 amino acids which has strong similarity with the S. cerevisiae KRE2/MNT1, YUR1, KTR1 gene products. The KRE2/MNT1 protein is an alpha-1,2- mannosyltransferase. The product of YBR1444, which encodes a protein of 375 amino acids, presents a lipase signature sequence and a peroxisomal targeting signal. YBR1448, whose sequence extends further on the telomere-proximal end of the fragment, is identical to the 3' end of the DUR1,2 gene encoding urea amidolyase. The two ORFs, YBR1443 and YBR1446, exhibit no significant similarity with any known gene.
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PMID:A 12.8 kb segment, on the right arm of chromosome II from Saccharomyces cerevisiae including part of the DUR1,2 gene, contains five putative new genes. 836 14

Antimicrobial susceptibility of 50 local isolates of Helicobacter pylori from patients with acid peptic diseases was investigated to commonly used antibiotics. The maximum resistance was (66%) detected to metronidazole (MIC > 8 micrograms/ml). The frequency of resistance to ampicillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin was in the range of 20-28 per cent; least resistance was observed to tetracycline (10%). The gradient disc diffusion method was found to give reproducible results and also correlated with agar dilution method for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Study of the enzymatic activity of H. pylori isolates showed that all isolates had urease, catalase, oxidase, esterase-lipase, and naphthol-AS-beta-1-phosphohydrolase enzymes and were consistently negative for ten other enzymes tested. Majority of the isolates expressed alkaline phosphatase (17/18), esterase (17/18) and acid phosphatase (14/18). The acid phosphatase had the maximum mean enzymatic activity. There was no difference in enzymatic activity between H. pylori isolates from ulcer and gastritis patients. H. pylori isolates could be typed into five biotypes. Type III was found to be more common (44.4%). This study supports the existence of the strain variations among H. pylori on the basis of the enzyme profiles.
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PMID:Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern & biotyping of Helicobacter pylori isolates from patients with peptic ulcer diseases. 855 18

Physiological properties and proportion of typical features of Pityrosporum pachydermatis were determined on 385 strains from clinical cases of O.E and dermatitis in dogs. Carbohydrates and nitrogen assimilation were determined auxanographically. Urease production and enzyme release were assessed on Christensen's medium and API-ZYM respectively. All strains oxidised carbohydrates in the OF test. 90% assimilation of glucose and production of urease are typical of Pityrosporum, contrary to 100% positive reactions in literature data. Production of acid and alkaline phosphatases, phosphohydrolase, leucin arylamidase, and beta-glucosidase dominated, while lipase C14, esterase-lipase C8, esterase C14 and alpha-galactosidase were variable.
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PMID:Evaluation of selected physiological and morphological characteristics of Pityrosporum pachydermatis isolated from clinical cases of otitis externa and dermatitis in dogs and cats. 889 Nov 71

Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is now recognized as a major factor in the pathogenesis of gastric disease, and the successful therapy regimens require a combination of H2 blockers with gastroprotective and antimicrobial agents. Ebrotidine (N-[(E)-[[2-[[[2-[(diaminomethylene) amino]-4-thiazolyl] methyl]thio]ethyl]amino]methylene]-4-bromo-benzenesulfonamide, CAS 100981-43-9, FI-3542) is the only drug combining acid-suppressant activity with remarkable gastroprotective and anti-H. pylori properties. The drug not only displays a potent anti-H. pylori activity alone, but also exerts a strong potentiating effect on the efficacy of antimicrobial agents commonly used for H. pylori eradication, and the successful ulcer therapy with ebrotidine induces a significant (4-fold) increase in the H. pylori aggregation titer of gastric mucin. Moreover, the drug exhibits a strong inhibitory effect on H. pylori urease activity, the extent of which exceeds that of ranitidine, omeprazole and lansoprazole. Ebrotidine has also been demonstrated to exert a potent inhibitory action on the enzymatic activities directed towards mucus perimeter of gastric mucosal defense, causing a marked inhibition of H. pylori protease, lipase and phospholipase A2 activities. Another important property of ebrotidine is its ability to efficiently counteract the disruptive effects of H. pylori lipopolysaccharide on the integrity of gastric epithelium. This includes countering the interference by the lipopolysaccharide in mucosal integrin receptor interaction with proteins of extracellular matrix and the reversal of H. pylori disruptive effect on the binding of mucin to its gastric epithelial receptor. Furthermore, most recent data indicate that ebrotidine has the ability to reverse the impairment caused by H. pylori in feedback inhibition of gastrin release by somatostatin. This activity of ebrotidine apparently stems from the drug's ability to counter the untoward effect of H. pylori on the binding of somatostatin to its specific receptor on the gastric mucosal G-cells. The unique combination of acid suppressant, gastroprotective and anti-H. pylori activities makes ebrotidine a drug of choice in the treatment of gastric disease caused by H. pylori.
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PMID:Anti-Helicobacter pylori activities of ebrotidine. A review of biochemical and animal experimental studies and data. 920 47

Gastric mucosa is exposed to various aggressive factors such as stress, ulcerogenic drugs including acetyl-salicylic acid(ASA)-like agents, ethanol, bacteria, particularly Helicobacter pylori (Hp), and various endogenous irritants such as acid-pepsin secretion and bile salts. The maintenance of the mucosal barrier depends upon the activation of the pre-epithelial (mucus-alkali secretion), epithelial (surface-active phospholipids and rapid mucosal restitution) and post-epithelial (mucosal microcirculation, sensory nerves and mast cells) components of mucosal defense. Ebrotidine (N-[(E)-[[2-[[[2-[(diaminomethylene)amino]- 4-thiazolyl]methyl]thio]ethyl]amino]methylene]-4-bromo-benzenesulfonamid e, CAS 100981-43-9, FI-3542) is the first of a new generation of H2-receptor antagonists with both antisecretory and cytoprotective activities. Its inhibitory action is similar to that of ranitidine and approximately tenfold greater than cimetidine, and is accompanied by a small and transient increase in plasma gastrin levels. In contrast to ranitidine and other H2-receptor antagonists, ebrotidine exerts a unique cytoprotection against injury by various ulcerogens such as ethanol, ammonia, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), stress and ASA or acidified taurocholate. The mechanism of this protection by ebrotidine is not clear, but it has been shown to stimulate mucus secretion, to increase the quality of adherent mucus gel and to increase gastric mucosal blood flow (GBF), possibly due to enhanced mucosal formation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO). The cytoprotective effects of ebrotidine were observed in rats and confirmed also in humans with gastric lesions induced by ethanol or ASA. Ebrotidine also exerts anti-Helicobacter pylori (Hp) effects by interfering with surface receptors of epithelial cells and inhibiting urease, protease and lipase activity, and by counteracting the noxious effects of Hp-related substances such as ammonia and lipopoly-saccharides (LPS).
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PMID:Studies on the cytoprotective and antisecretory activity of ebrotidine. A review. 920 69

Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis is characterized by an abundant inflammatory response and gastric epithelial cell injury. Adherence of H. pylori to gastric epithelial cells seems to be required for bacterial colonization of the gastric mucosa. Attachment of the bacterium to polarized gastric epithelial cells causes damage to microvilli and stimulates actin polymerization, which is associated with adherence pedestal formation. Studies suggest that H. pylori directly contributes to the injury of gastric epithelial cells by the elaboration of cytotoxic factors. The first toxin identified from H. pylori strains, known as vacuolating cytotoxin, induces vacuole formation in eukaryotic cells. Elaborated enzymes by H. pylori may also contribute directly to epithelial cell injury. Ammonia produced through urease activity may be toxic to gastric epithelial cells. H. pylori protease and lipase degrade gastric mucus and disrupt the phospholipid-rich layer at the apical epithelial cell surface, allowing for cell injury from back diffusion of gastric acid. This cell injury may lead to cell death, believed to result from induction of apoptosis. There are sufficient data to suggest that H. pylori, through direct pathogenic mechanisms, contributes significantly to the gastric mucosal injury associated with this infection, and may enhance the susceptibility of gastric epithelial cells to carcinogenic conversion.
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PMID:How does Helicobacter pylori cause mucosal damage? Direct mechanisms. 939 57

A total of 1,136 school children comprising 433 males and 703 females, within the age groups 4 to 16 years and all resident in Aba municipal town of Abia State were examined for clinical signs of dermatophytoses. Out of this number examined 196 (17.3%), which included 108 males and 88 females, had clinical lesions on various parts of the body including the head, skin, finger nails and toe webs characteristic of dermatophytoses. While the infection occurred highest among children between the ages of 10 and 12 years, male children were significantly more infected than the females (P = 0.05). The most common type of the disease was tinea capitis (10.8%) followed by tinea corporis (5.8%). The dermatophytes identified included Trichophyton mentagrophytes (19.4%). T. tonsurans (12.3%), Microsporum audoninii (7.7%) and M. gypseum (2%). All the isolates grew well at both 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C but none survived at 45 degrees C. On solid media, all, with the exception of M. gypseum produced extracellular lipase enzyme while none produced lecithinase, deoxyribounclease and protease enzymes. Only T. tonsurans and T. mentagrophytes produced urease enzyme.
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PMID:Dermatophytoses among school children in Aba, Abia State--Nigeria and some physiological studies on the isolated etiologic agents. 984 65

Ten Basidiobolus ranarum (= Basidiobolus haptosporus) strains, isolated from faeces of 102 different lower vertebrates (ectotherms) exhibited in Antwerp Zoo, or from their environment were studied for their temperature requirements, haemolysis and other enzyme activities in vitro. All isolates grew well at 25 and 37 degrees C. Three strains that produced undulated zygospore walls were haemolytic and positive for hyaluronidase. All the isolates produced urease, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, trypsin, lipase, lecithinase, gelatinase, collagenase and elastase, but failed to produce amylase, keratinase and beta-glucosidase. Three isolates failed to produce phosphatase. Only one strain failed to produce DNase. Aesculin was not hydrolysed. Chitinase activity was inconclusive. The results of this study illustrate the importance of exotic animals kept in temperate regions as carriers of potentially pathogenic organisms. In addition to the morphological characteristics, the identification can be based on enzymatic profiles. Enzymatic activity detection may help to explain the pathogenic mechanism of the fungus.
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PMID:Isolation of Basidiobolus ranarum from ectotherms in Antwerp zoo with special reference to characterization of the isolated strains. 1042 99

An evaluation of soil biological activities as a monitoring instrument for the decontamination process of a mineral-oil-contaminated soil was made using measurements of microbial counts, soil respiration, soil biomass and several enzyme activities. The correlations between these parameters and with the levels of hydrocarbon residues were investigated; the effects of different N- and P-sources on hydrocarbon decontamination and soil biological activities were determined. Inorganic nutrients stimulated hydrocarbon biodegradation but not all biological activities to a significant extent. Biodegradation could be monitored well by soil biological parameters: the residual hydrocarbon content correlated positively with soil respiration, biomass-C (substrate-induced respiration), and with activities of soil dehydrogenase, urease and catalase. Soil lipase activity and the number of hydrocarbon utilizers correlated negatively (P < 0.0001) with the remaining hydrocarbon content.
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PMID:Monitoring of bioremediation by soil biological activities. 1066 97


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