Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.3.4.6 (urease)
 7,490 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The faecal carriage rates of different species of Proteeae were assessed in studies with 220 faecal isolates from 219 individuals of whom approximately one-third were well and the remainder had gastro-enteritis. As a result of the development of new media that allowed replacement of the phenylalanine deaminase test with the tryptophan deaminase test and made it possible to combine tests for indole and urease production and for hydrogen sulphide and ornithine decarboxylase formation in two single-tube tests, all strains were speciated with speed, economy and accuracy. Most (96%) isolates were either Proteus mirabilis (62%) or Morganella morgani (34%). The significance of these findings in relation to urinary tract infection is discussed. P. vulgaris was found in only one (0.45%) faecal specimen and this rarity of carriage in faeces is believed to be the main reason for its rare association with urinary tract infections. The frequent association of M. morgani, in the absence of other enteropathogenic bacteria, with severe gastroenteritis was noted with interest.
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PMID:Rare occurrence of Proteus vulgaris in faeces: a reason for its rare association with urinary tract infections. 351 39

Hippocrates first wrote of the association of urinary tract infection with urinary calculi. Modern research has established the causal relationship between "infection stones" and the presence of urinary infection with urease-producing organisms. Treatment and preventive measures can be based on antimicrobial activity and urease inhibition as well as the eradication of the calculi. The development of endourologic and, particularly, extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy techniques for removing stones may expand the importance of the pharmacologic control of recurrence and stone growth.
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PMID:Pharmacologic treatment of infection stones. 357 56

A retrospective study of the case records of 391 adult patients with spontaneously passed or surgically removed concrements from the upper urinary tract during the period 1982-1983 was performed. According to chemical analysis, 66% of the stones were calcium stones, 30% were infection stones, 4% were uric acid/urate stones and 1% were cystine stones. Of the infection stones 12 (10%) were staghorn calculi. The infection stones placed a greater strain on the patients than the calcium stones. Thus, infection stones were significantly more often recurrent stones and required surgery significantly more often than the calcium stones. Only 6% of the patients with infection stones had proved abnormalities predisposing to upper urinary tract infection. Urinary tract infection with a urease-producing microorganism was detected in only 52% of the patients with infection stones. As infection with a urease-producing microorganism is a prerequisite for the formation of infection stones in the urinary tract a careful microbiological investigation to find and treat the infection responsible for the stone formation is mandatory.
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PMID:The severity of infection stones compared to other stones in the upper urinary tract. 408 54

The fate of bacteria in human urine was studied after inoculation of small numbers of Escherichia coli and other bacterial strains commonly implicated in urinary tract infection. Urine from normal individuals was often inhibitory and sometimes bactericidal for growth of these organisms. Antibacterial activity of urine was not related to lack of nutrient material as addition of broth did not decrease inhibitory activity. Antibacterial activity was correlated with osmolality, urea concentration and ammonium concentration, but not with organic acid, sodium, or potassium concentration. Between a pH range of 5.0-6.5 antibacterial activity of urine was greater at lower pH. Ultrafiltration and column chromatography to remove protein did not decrease antibacterial activity. Urea concentration was a more important determinant of antibacterial activity than osmolality or ammonium concentration. Increasing the urea of a noninhibitory urine to equal that of an inhibitory urine made the urine inhibitory. However, increasing osmolality (with sodium chloride) or increasing ammonium to equal the osmolality or ammonium of an inhibitory urine did not increase antibacterial activity. Similarly, dialysis to decrease osmolality or ammonium but preserve urea did not decrease inhibitory activity. Decreasing urea with preservation of ammonium and osmolality decreased antibacterial activity. Removal of ammonium with an ion exchanger did not decrease antibacterial activity, whereas conversion of urea to ammonium with urease and subsequent removal of the ammonium decreased antibacterial activity. Urine collected from volunteers after ingestion of urea demonstrated a marked increase in antibacterial activity, as compared with urine collected before ingestion of urea.
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PMID:Antibacterial activity of human urine. 487 82

This case is typical of recurrent urolithiasis managed by repeated surgery. Retrospective assessment of the disorder indicates the need for quantitative analyses of uroliths removed by cystotomy. Compliance of the owners with recommendations to minimize recurrent urolithiasis might have been beneficial. Results of medical therapy designed to induce dissolution of uroliths in this case are representative of preliminary findings of medical dissolution of naturally occurring struvite uroliths in ten other cats. It is of interest that the uroliths dissolved even though no effort was made to induce diuresis. The underlying cause of UTI in this patient may have been damage to the lower urinary tract induced by previous diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and/or sterile struvite uroliths that compromised local host defense mechanisms. Lack of urease production by the uropathogens suggests that they did not play a causative role in formation of uroliths. The need for preventative therapy of recurrent formation of uroliths after their medical dissolution is worthy of further comment. In this patient, specific measures to prevent urolith recurrence were not initiated because it is a part of a prospective clinical study. In the event uroliths recur, medical therapy designed to induce dissolution of uroliths would be repeated. Need for long-term preventative therapy would be dependent on the time interval between recurrent episodes (weeks, months, or years), and the effectiveness of medical therapy for urolith dissolution. Long-term prophylactic therapy would include urine acidifiers and diets low in magnesium.
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PMID:Medical management of male and female cats with nonobstructive lower urinary tract disease. 642 25

Hyperammonemia with coma, tachypnea, and respiratory alkalosis developed in a 3-year-old boy with prune"-belly syndrome during a urinary tract infection with Proteus mirabilis. Hyperammonemia is thought to have resulted from the production within the massively dilated urinary tract of excessive amounts of ammonia due to bacterial urease, and its subsequent reabsorption into the systemic circulation. The patient rapidly improved following parenteral antibiotic therapy and continuous catheter drainage of the urinary tract.
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PMID:Ammonia encephalopathy secondary to urinary tract infection with Proteus mirabilis. 644 60

The effectiveness of a new urease inhibitor, N-(pivaloyl)glycinohydroxamic acid, in the treatment of infected urinary stones was investigated. The hydroxamic acid markedly inhibited and alkalinisation of urine and stone formation when it was administered orally to rats with urinary tract infection caused by Proteus mirabilis; its inhibitory effect was potentiated by concomitant treatment with Cephalexin. This compound may become a useful medicine for the treatment of struvite stones.
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PMID:Treatment of infected urinary stones in rats by a new hydroxamic acid, "N-(pivaloyl)glycinohydroxamic acid. 675 73

We tested the inhibitory power and urinary excretion of several derivatives of hippurohydroxamic acid, including some newly synthesized compounds. m-Methoxyhippurohydroxamic acid (UCD II) strongly inhibited urease activity and high urinary excretion after oral administration to rats. UCD II inhibited the alkalinization of infected urine in vitro and in vivo and prevented bladder stone formation when it was orally administered to rats with urinary tract infection caused by Proteus mirabilis. The clinical application of UCD II to the prevention of pathologic sequelae of urinary infection with urease-producing bacteria awaits evaluation of the safety of the compound.
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PMID:Prevention of infected urinary stones in rats by urease inhibitor: a new hydroxamic acid derivative. 699 28

Office patients with a positive urinary tract infection (UTI) were screened for the presence of a urease positive microorganism by a rapid biotyping. Approximately 12 per cent of the UTI episodes were caused by a urease positive organism. Over 95 per cent of Proteus and Klebisella isolates were urease positive, and a lesser percentage of Pseudomonas. No Escherichia coli were urease positive. Determination of urease production can be assessed by the standard API (Analytab Products Inc.) biotyping technique for gram negative organisms. A specific digit in the biotype code indicates urease activity.
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PMID:Office practice survey of urease positive bacterial pathogens causing urinary tract infections. 699 99

The apparent I50 values of various hippurohydroxamic acids against urease activity of sword bean were mostly 0.5 to 2.0 microM regardless of hydrophobicity of their substituents. However, the marked increase of hydrophilicity caused by substitution of trimethoxy groups conspicuously decreased the inhibitory potency. Methylation at alpha-position of the hydroxamic acid group in these compounds remarkably decreased the inhibitory potency, probably owing to steric hindrance by the alpha-methyl group. Thenoyl-, furoyl- and nicotino-glycinohydroxamic acids which are bioisostereomers of hippurohydroxamic acid had I50 values of 0.64, 1.3 and 5.3 microM, respectively. Furthermore, the inhibitory potency of some substituted hippurohydroxamic acids against the ureolytic activity of intact Proteus mirabilis isolated from patients with urinary tract infection, were half to one-tenth of those against urease activity of sword bean. On the other hand, m- and p-nitro-, m- and p-methoxy-, m- and p-acetylamino-hippurohydroxamic acid and furoylglycinohydroxamic acid showed high urinary excretion rates of 14 to 16% of the doses administered orally to rats, while most of the others had excretion rates of about 3 to 5%.
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PMID:Therapy for urolithiasis by hydroxamic acids. II. Urease inhibitory potency and urinary excretion rate of hippurohydroxamic acid derivatives. 700 13


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