Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.3.4.6 (urease)
 7,490 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Urethral swabs from 75 males with urethritis were extracted into tryptose phosphate broth and then equal aliquots were dispensed into vials containing sucrose phosphate buffer (2SP) and urease color test medium (U-9). No antibiotics were present in the media. After transport to the laboratory, the recovery of Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum was evaluated after inoculation into McCoy's cell cultures and agar medium, respectively. C. trachomatis was recovered from significantly more patients (17 versus 12, P = 0.03) with higher inclusion counts (P less than 0.01) in specimens transported in 2SP as compared with those in U-9 medium. No significant differences between the isolation rate of U. urealyticum and that of Mycoplasma hominis were found with the two media. The rate of inactivation of C. trachomatis and U. realyticum at 4 C was examined by means of reference strains. The inactivation of C. trachomatis was similar in both 2SP and U-9 media, but the number of inclusions was consistently greater in the 2SP medium. In contrast, the number of colony-forming units of U. urealyticum actually increased over a 24-hour period in both media. We conclude that 2SP is the best medium for the combined recovery of C. trachomatis and genital Mycoplasma. The use of one transport medium and hence a single swab culture has the obvious advantages of saving time and expense for both physician and laboratory, and for the patient it will eliminate the possible discomfort of having multiple cultures taken.
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PMID:Recovery of Chlamydia and Genital Mycoplasma transported in sucrose phosphate buffer and urease color test medium. 31 81

More than 100 strains of Corynebacterium genitalium, probably responsible for coryneform urethritis and other infections, and 600 commensals of the male and female urogenital tracts have been studied and grouped into five pathogenic types numbered I to V and six saprophytic types designated C-1 to C-6 on the basis of eight biological reactions. This preliminary classification has been based on differences in requirements for oxygen, on the fermentation of fructose, dextrose, sucrose, and starch together with the production of the enzymes gelatinase, lipase, and urease. One criterion differentiated the pathogens from the commensals: All pathogens were nonfructose fermenters whereas every commensal fermented this sugar.
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PMID:A diagnostic key employing biological reactions for differentiating pathogenic Corynebacterium genitalium (NSU corynebacteria) from commensals of the urogenital tract. 35 42

Clinical isolates of corroding, gram-negative, anaerobic bacilli (provisionally identified as Bacteroides ureolyticus) from superficial ulcers and soft tissue infections (15), non-gonococcal, non-chlamydial urethritis (12) and adult periodontal disease (14) were compared with reference strains of B. ureolyticus, B. gracilis and Wolinella recta in a series of conventional tests of morphology, biochemical activity, tolerance of dyes and bile salts, and antibiotic sensitivity, gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of metabolic products, and in whole-cell analysis by pyrolysis-mass spectrometry (Py-MS). A numerical taxonomic approach was used with the results of conventional tests and the grouping obtained was compared with that obtained by Py-MS. All the ulcer and soft-tissue isolates and the urethritis isolates were oxidase- and urease-positive and formed a homogeneous set consistent with the reference strain of B. ureolyticus. The dental isolates differed from B. ureolyticus strains and were heterogeneous amongst themselves. None corresponded with the reference strains of B. gracilis or W. recta. The conventional and Py-MS approaches to characterisation produced similar groupings and each distinguished between a single cluster of ulcer-urethritis strains and several clusters of dental strains, although the dendrograms derived from the two approaches differed in the order of the clusters; in the Py-MS dendrogram one subcluster of four dental strains came within the main ulcer-urethritis cluster and a cluster of five ulcer strains was separated as a distinct group.
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PMID:A comparison of Bacteroides ureolyticus isolates from different clinical sources. 272 26

We report a case of calculi in a Skene's gland abscess produced by Ureaplasma urealyticum. The enzyme urease, produced by the Ureaplasma urealyticum, is thought to be the etiological factor in stone production, vaginitis and urethritis.
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PMID:Skene's gland calculi produced by a Ureaplasma urealyticum infection. 395 4

The fastidious growth requirements of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas necessitated development of special growth media for them. The 1st mycoplasma was isolated from humans in 1937, and in 1954 a previously unknown mycoplasma was isolated from men with nonspecific urethritis. This organism, Ureaplasma urealyticum, is found most frequently in the genitourinary tract, followed by Mycoplasma hominus. M. fermentans and other mycoplasmas are isolated only rarely. Mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas have been implicated in pelvic inflammatory disease, puerperal infection, septic abortion, low birth weight, nongonococcal urethritis, and prostatisis, as well as spontaneous abortion and infertility, but there are no clinical symptoms pathognomonic of these infections. In spite of clinical suggestions of Mycoplasma or Ureaplasma infection, only a properly obtained specimen evaluatd with the use of selective cultures can lead to unequivocal diagnosis. The cultural characteristics and hence diagnostic procedures for Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma are quite different. Sterile calcium alginate swabs are used for obtaining urethral specimens, while sterile cotton swabs can be used for prostatic or vaginal secretions or semen. The swab should not touch antiseptic solutions, creams, or jellies, and the specimen must not dry out. Urine, if cultured, is best examined after centrifugattion at 600 g. Several different transport media are available. Optimally the specimen should be taken directly to the laboratory and subcultured on arrival. The metabolic activity of Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas is used in their detection. A phenol red indicator is added to the medium and the color change to or from yellow to pink indicates metabolic change. The growth medium is supplemented with glucose and phenol red for M. fermentans and arginine and phenol red for M. hominis. After color change is observed, the growth medium is subcultured on solid medium, which is obtained by adding .6-.8% Noble agar to the growth medium. Colonies develop best in an atmosphere of 95% N2 and 5% CO2 and reach approximately 200-300 mcm in diameter. They have a fried-egg appearance. Staining with Dienes stain, use of specific antisera, or incident light fluorescence microscopy are used for identification of the classic mycoplasmas. To isolate ureaplasmas, the specimen is transferred on arrival in the laboratory to urease color test broth U9C. During incubation the presence of Ureaplasma induces a rapid color change usually observable in 24-48 hours. A subculture should be done on fresh U9C broth media and on agar media once a color change is observed. Serologic tests for detection of antibodies to mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas are still in the developmental stage.
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PMID:Diagnosis of genital Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma infections. 402 Jul 82

Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis, separately or together, were co-isolated along with 34 of 102 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae cultured from urethral swabs from men with urethritis. For approximately half of the N. gonorrhoeae strains, the mycoplasma(s) persisted for at least five passages on agar medium. U. urealyticum was isolated in 31 of the 34 instances. No association between particular serotype(s) of U. urealyticum or auxotypes of N. gonorrhoeae was identified. The auxotypes of the N. gonorrhoeae isolates were not altered by the presence of U. urealyticum. To screen cultures of N. gonorrhoeae for the presence of genital mycoplasmas, we recommend direct microscopy of growth on agar: for M. hominis, after the colony epifluorescence test, and, for U. urealyticum, after the urease spot test.
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PMID:The co-existence of genital Mycoplasma and Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from the male urethra. 643 16

A small, fastidious gram-negative anaerobe was isolated from men with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU). The isolates are described as NGU-associated anaerobes because they were extremely rare in men with urethritis other than NGU, and in asymptomatic men. They showed twitching motility, had many polar pili and appeared to be a homogenous group culturally, morphologically and biochemically. None of the strains fermented or utilised carbohydrates or organic acids as sole sources of carbon for energy and growth. However, growth of all strains was stimulated by formate and fumarate in liquid and solid media, especially in the former where growth seemed dependent on these growth factors. Unlike most anaerobes they produced cytochrome enzyme(s) that might be involved in oxidation-reduction reactions in the presence of oxygen as some of the strains were capable of growing in 5% oxygen. However, growth and energy generally resulted from anaerobic phosphorylation. Strains of this anaerobe seemed to require a low redox-potential (Eh) for survival during transportation but this was not essential for growth. Comparative studies with the other asaccharolytic anaerobes showed some similarity between the NGU-associated anaerobe, Bacteroides ureolyticus and Wolinella succinogenes. Like these, some NGU-associated strains pitted agar media and all produced urease. However, unlike these anaerobes, strains of the NGU-associated anaerobe produced enzymes for the hydrolysis of arginine, and the decarboxylation of lysine and ornithine. They also produced oxidase and some strains haemolysed sheep red cells. However, lactic acid was not an end-product of the metabolism of glucose by any of the strains. The NGU-associated anaerobes are strikingly different from anaerobic vibrios, B. praeacutus and B. asaccharolyticus.
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PMID:Characteristics of a gram-negative anaerobe isolated from men with non-gonococcal urethritis. 670 82

Massive urolithiasis of the penile urethra was observed in an adult pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) stranded on Topsail Island, North Carolina, USA. Calculi occupied the urethra from just distal to the sigmoid flexure to the tip of the penis for a length of 43 cm. A urethral diverticulum was present proximal to the calculi. The major portion of the multinodular urolith weighed 208 g and was 16 cm long x 3.7 cm diameter at the widest point. The urolith was composed of 100% struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) and on culture yielded Klebsiella oxytoca, a urease-positive bacterium occasionally associated with struvite urolith formation in domestic animals. Reaction to the calculi was characterized histologically by moderate multifocal to coalescing plasmacytic balanitis and penile urethritis. Role of the urethrolithiasis in the whale's stranding is speculative but could have involved pain or metabolic perturbations such as uremia or hyperammonemia.
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PMID:Struvite penile urethrolithiasis in a pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps). 1546 32

Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum are recently recognized species of the genus Ureaplasma. In humans, Ureaplasma spp. can be found on mucosal surfaces, primarily in the respiratory and urogenital tracts. They have been implicated in various human diseases such as nongonococcal urethritis, intrauterine infections in association with adverse pregnancy outcome and fetal morbidity, and pneumonitis in immunocompromised hosts. We have developed two quantitative real-time PCR assays to differentially detect U. parvum and U. urealyticum. Based upon the sequence information of the urease gene (ureB), we designed two TaqMan primer and probe combinations specific for U. parvum and U. urealyticum, respectively. The assays did not react with nucleic acid preparations from 16 bacterial species commonly encountered in relevant clinical specimens, including seven urease-producing species. Each assay had a detection limit of approximately five copies per reaction of the respective gene target. The results suggest that these assays are both sensitive and specific for U. parvum and U. urealyticum. Further investigation of both assays using clinical specimens is appropriate.
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PMID:Development of real-time PCR for the differential detection and quantification of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum. 1556 20