Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:6.3.4.6 (urease)
 7,490 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical scientists from eight European countries and China gathered in the ancient Chinese capital of Xi'an on April 26-28, 2001 to discuss collaboration on a modern approach to gastric cancer prevention. Participants at the First Sino-European Workshop on Immunogenetics and Pathogenesis of Gastric Cancer presented their most up-to-date research results on topics ranging from epidemiology and immune mechanisms to Helicobacter pylori and vaccine development. Researchers then formed groups with their Chinese or European counterparts to plan future research endeavors which will benefit Chinese and European populations alike. After 3 years of organization between the Institute of Digestive Diseases of the Fourth Medical University in Xi'an, China and the Laboratory of Immunogenetics, VU University Medical Center in Amsterdam, the first workshop came into being under the joint sponsorship of the Commission of the European Union, National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xi'an, China. As gastric cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor in China, the workshop was of special significance to the Chinese researchers and to the Chinese population in general. During the workshop, presentations on the epidemiology of gastric cancer showed that this disease is in fact common the world over: it is the second most common cancer next to lung cancer and about 1 million new cases were diagnosed in 2000. Three-quarters of the cases of gastric cancer occur in Asia, and approximately 80% of these cases are in China and Japan. Genetic factors and environmental factors such as diet and H. pylori infection play a role in gastric carcinogenesis. As a recognized cause of gastric cancer, H. pylori was the subject of various presentations ranging from immunological studies, molecular analysis of strains and pathogenesis to vaccine development. Specific areas of discussion included bacterial-epithelial interactions in H. pylori infection, epidemiology in China, global distribution of vacA and cagA genotypes, new evidence for host factors, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and H. pylori as independent risk factor for gastric cancer, new diagnostic techniques for H. pylori using serum levels of pepsinogen I, and autoimmune processes in corpus atrophy. Vaccine development using a variety of strategies against H. pylori was the subject of an entire session of talks. Oral immunization with urease with Escherichia coli heat labile enterotoxin was shown to be safe and immunogenic in humans as a mucosal adjuvant. Results of a study using attenuated Salmonella typhimurium as a vehicle for DNA-mediated immunization in mice were also presented. A final presentation discussed an ongoing trial comparing strain variability in the vacA and cagA gene sequences and disease expression between H. pylori infection in Europe and China. Researchers also discussed the role of IL1 gene family and TNF gene polymorphisms in gastric pathology and various immune mechanisms involved in gastric cancer, such as down-regulation of NF kappa B, IL-1 and IL-1RA, cyclooxygenase signalling, and identification of MGAg antibodies. An interactive discussion followed each presentation and ideas and suggestions were provided. According to specialty, the presenters were then assigned to groups of four or five to make plans for joint research projects. A number of international and Chinese observers were present, including representatives from the European Commission, the World Health Organization and the Chinese National Center for Biotechnology Development, and offered input on the financial feasibility of such projects.
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PMID:The immunogenetics and pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Highlights of the First Sino-European Workshop on the Immunogenetics and Pathogenesis of Gastric Cancer. 1253 77

The main conclusions drawn from the presentations related to Helicobacter pylori at Digestive Diseases Week 2008 are summarized. Several strains of H. pylori frequently infect the same patient, and consequently samples for culture should be obtained from the gastric antrum and body. The test-and-treat strategy in dyspepsia is as effective as empirical antisecretory therapy and is probably cheaper. The benefit of eradication therapy in patients with uninvestigated dyspepsia, although small, seems to be lasting. Eradication in the general population seems to reduce the development of dyspeptic symptoms in the long term and consequently could be cost-effective. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in peptic ulcer is decreasing and the frequency of idiopathic ulcers is increasing. Patients with H. pylori-negative bleeding ulcers have a high probability of hemorrhagic recurrence and should therefore receive maintenance antisecretory therapy. H. pylori eradication reduces the incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma, which could warrant a screening and treatment strategy for this infection in the general population in high risk areas. H. pylori infection should be eradicated in patients undergoing endoscopic mucosal resection for early gastric cancer. To prevent the development of gastric cancer, eradication therapy should be administered early, before gastric atrophy develops. H. pylori-negative and H. pylori-positive gastric lymphomas have an equally favorable prognosis. New diagnostic techniques have been developed: the ultra-rapid urease test, a simpler 14C-urea breath test, and an ELISA method for rapid bacterial susceptibility determination. In patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, the 13C-urea breath test performed immediately after emergency gastroscopy allows early diagnosis of infection. Eradication regimens with double doses of proton pump inhibitors are more effective than those with standard doses. "Sequential" therapy is more effective and cheaper than classical triple-drug therapy, although the superiority of administering therapy sequentially rather than concomitantly has not been established. In penicillin-allergic patients, a combination with levofloxacin and clarithromycin is a promising alternative in rescue therapy. Second-line rescue therapy with levofloxacin is effective and is also simpler and better tolerated than quadruple-drug therapy. The rate of quinolone resistance is increasing as a result of the widespread use of these antibiotics. Third-line treatment with levofloxacin is also a promising alternative. Even after the failure of three previous treatments, a fourth empirical rescue therapy (with levofloxacin or rifabutin) can be effective in more than half of patients. The annual recurrence rate of H. pylori infection is approximately 3% in developed countries and is higher than 10% in developing countries.
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PMID:[Helicobacter pylori-related diseases: dyspepsia, ulcer and gastric cancer]. 1943 62

This study was conducted to identify patterns of cagA EPIYA motifs in H. pylori strains isolated from patients with gastrointestinal diseases in Hospitals of Shahrekord, and investigate the association between these biomarkers and clinical outcomes of gastrointestinal diseases due to H. pylori. In this study, 253 patients with gastrointestinal diseases were studied within 1395-1396. Histopathological investigations and urease test showed that 207 isolates were H. pylori-positive. Then, screening using a molecular technique, PCR, confirmed that 159 isolates had cagA. Finally, the pattern and prevalence of the motifs were determined by PCR and identified a number of motifs were sequenced. Results of this study showed that the pattern of motifs was as follows: ABC (140 isolates) (93/7%), ABCC (6 isolates) (3/77%), ABCCC (4 isolates) (2/5%), AB (7 isolates) (4/4%), AC (1 isolate) (0/6%), and BC (1 isolate) (0/6%). Sequencing results showed the presence of changed EPIYA motif in some isolates. CM motif sequence was also seen in all isolates. In this study, no significant association was seen between the prevalence rate of different patterns and clinical symptoms (p = 0.71). There is a slight association between the presence of ABC motifs and the type of digestive disorder (p = 0.056). Results indicated that ABC was the most frequently seen pattern however, in such that positive cases of ABC motifs were more common in gastritis. All isolates had kinase phosphorylation region, and the observed pattern in this region was a generally western type (ABC).
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PMID:Determination of CagA EPIYA motif in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients with digestive disorder. 3300 92