Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.3.4.6 (urease)
 7,490 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bilophila wadsworthia is an anaerobic, gram-negative, asaccharolytic, urease-positive, bile-resistant, catalase-positive bacillus, originally recovered from infections in patients with gangrenous and perforated appendicitis. Additional isolations from clinical specimens, including pleural fluid, joint fluid, blood and pus from a scrotal abscess, mandibular osteomyelitis and axillary hidradenitis suppurativa are described here. Bilophila is found as normal flora in feces and, occasionally, in saliva and in the vagina. Isolates from humans are usually beta-lactamase positive and therefore resistant to certain beta-lactam antibiotics. Two percent of strains are also resistant to clindamycin.
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PMID:Clinical importance of Bilophila wadsworthia. 129 59

Bilophila wadsworthia is an anaerobic, gram-negative, asaccharolytic, bile-resistant, catalase-positive bacillus that is usually urease positive and was originally recognized in specimens of peritoneal fluid and tissue from patients with appendicitis. Additional isolations from clinical specimens, including a scrotal abscess, mandibular osteomyelitis, axillary hidradenitis suppurativa, pleural fluid, joint fluid, and blood, are described here.
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PMID:Bilophila wadsworthia isolates from clinical specimens. 162 48

Strongly catalase-positive Gram-negative anaerobic rods were isolated from approximately half of all intra-abdominal specimens received from patients with gangrenous and perforated appendicitis, and subsequently also from normal faecal specimens. The organism was originally detected on Bacteroides-bile-aesculin (BBE) agar, and grew slowly on non-selective anaerobic media containing blood. It was stimulated by bile and differed from other known genera by being urease- and catalase-positive, and by reducing nitrate. It did not reduce sulphate. Other anaerobic Gram-negative rods showed no homology by DNA dot-blot hybridization. The thermal melting profile of chromosomal DNA showed 39-40 mol% G + C. The whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester profile included cyclic and branched long-chain acids, and differed from those of all other anaerobes that have been tested. beta-Lactamase was not detected. The name Bilophila wadsworthia gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed for this organism.
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PMID:Bilophila wadsworthia, gen. nov. and sp. nov., a unique gram-negative anaerobic rod recovered from appendicitis specimens and human faeces. 263 63

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to determine whether Helicobacter pylori forms part of the normal microenvironment of the appendix, whether it plays a role in the pathogenesis of acute appendicitis, and whether it is associated with increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) in appendicular macrophages. METHODS: Serology for H. pylori was performed on 51 consecutive patients undergoing emergency appendicectomy. Appendix samples were tested for urease activity, cultured and stained for H. pylori, graded according to the degree of inflammatory infiltrate, and probed immunohistochemically for iNOS expression. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 21 (range 7-51) years. Seventeen patients (33 per cent) were seropositive for H. pylori but no evidence of H. pylori was found in any appendix specimen. However, an enhanced inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in seropositive patients (P < 0.04) and the expression of macrophage iNOS in the mucosa of normal and inflamed appendix specimens was increased (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: H. pylori does not colonize the appendix and is unlikely to be a pathogenic stimulus for appendicitis. Priming effects on mucosal immunology downstream from the foregut may occur after infection with H. pylori.
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PMID:Nitric oxide synthetase and Helicobacter pylori in patients undergoing appendicectomy. 1063 58

Although comprising less than 0.01% of the normal human gastrointestinal microbiota, Bilophila wadsworthia is the third most common anaerobe recovered from clinical material obtained from patients with perforated and gangrenous appendicitis. Since its discovery in 1988, B. wadsworthia has been recovered from clinical specimens associated with a variety of infections, including sepsis, liver abscesses, cholecystitis, Fournier's gangrene, soft tissue abscesses, empyema, osteomyelitis, Bartholinitis, and hidradenitis suppurativa. In addition, it has been found in the saliva and vaginal fluids of asymptomatic adults and even in the periodontal pockets of dogs. The organism is a saccharolytic, fastidious, and is easily recognized by its strong catalase reaction with 15% H2O2, production of hydrogen sulfide, and growth stimulation by bile (oxgall) and pyruvate. Approximately 75% of strains are urease positive. When grown on pyruvate-containing media, > 85% of strains demonstrate beta-lactamase production. Ribosomal RNA-based phylogenetic studies show Bilophila to be a homogeneous species, most closely related to Desulfovibrio species. Both adherence to human cells and endotoxin have been observed, and preliminary work suggests that environmental iron has a role in expression of outer membrane proteins. Penicillin-binding proteins appear to mediate the organism's susceptibility to at least some beta-lactam agents, which induce spheroplast formation that results in a haze of growth on agar dilution susceptibility test plates which is difficult to interpret. Bilophilastrains are inhibited in vitro by most antibiotics.
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PMID:Bilophila wadsworthia: a unique Gram-negative anaerobic rod. 1688 67

Proteus species, members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, are usually considered commensals in the gut and are most commonly recognized clinically as a cause of urinary tract infections. However, the recent identification of Proteus spp. as potential pathogens in Crohn's disease recurrence after intestinal resection serves as a stimulus to examine their potential role as gut pathogens. Proteus species possess many virulence factors potentially relevant to gastrointestinal pathogenicity, including motility; adherence; the production of urease, hemolysins, and IgA proteases; and the ability to acquire antibiotic resistance. Gastrointestinal conditions that have been linked to Proteus include gastroenteritis (spontaneous and foodborne), nosocomial infections, appendicitis, colonization of devices such as nasogastric tubes, and Crohn's disease. The association of Proteus species with Crohn's disease was particularly strong. Proteus species are low-abundance commensals of the human gut that harbor significant pathogenic potential; further investigation is needed.
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PMID:Proteus spp. as Putative Gastrointestinal Pathogens. 2989 11