Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:6.3.2.19 (ubiquitin-protein ligase)
 799 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Parkin, a product of the gene responsible for autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP), is an important player in the pathogenic process of Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite numerous studies including search for the substrate of parkin as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, the mechanism by which loss-of-function of parkin induces selective dopaminergic neuronal death remains unclear. Related to this issue, here we show that antisense knockdown of parkin causes apoptotic cell death of human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells associated with caspase activation and accompanied by accumulation of oxidative dopamine (DA) metabolites due to auto-oxidation of DOPA and DA. Forced expression of alpha-synuclein (alpha-SN), another familial PD gene product, prevented accumulation of oxidative DOPA/DA metabolites and cell death caused by parkin loss. Our findings indicate that both parkin and alpha-SN share a common pathway in DA metabolism whose abnormality leads to accumulation of oxidative DA metabolites and subsequent cell death.
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PMID:Common anti-apoptotic roles of parkin and alpha-synuclein in human dopaminergic cells. 1589 22

The involvement of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in the course of various age-associated neurodegenerative diseases is well established. The single RING finger type E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase PARK2 is mutated in a Parkinson's disease (PD) variant and was found to interact with ATXN2, a protein where polyglutamine expansions cause Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) or increase the risk for Levodopa-responsive PD and for the motor neuron disease Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We previously reported evidence for a transcriptional induction of the multi-subunit RING finger Skp1/Cul/F-box (SCF) type E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex component FBXW8 in global microarray profiling of ATXN2-expansion mouse cerebellum and demonstrated its role for ATXN2 degradation in vitro. Now, we documented co-localization in vitro and co-immunoprecipitations both in vitro and in vivo, which indicate associations of FBXW8 with ATXN2 and PARK2. Both FBXW8 and PARK2 proteins are driven into insolubility by expanded ATXN2. Whereas the FBXW8 transcript upregulation by ATXN2- expansion was confirmed also in qPCR of skin fibroblasts and blood samples of SCA2 patients, a FBXW8 expression dysregulation was not observed in ATXN2-deficient mice, nor was a PARK2 transcript dysregulation observed in any samples. Jointly, all available data suggest that the degradation of wildtype and mutant ATXN2 is dependent on FBXW8, and that ATXN2 accumulation selectively modulates FBXW8 levels, while PARK2 might act indirectly through FBXW8. The effects of ATXN2-expansions on FBXW8 expression in peripheral tissues like blood may become useful for clinical diagnostics.
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PMID:Both ubiquitin ligases FBXW8 and PARK2 are sequestrated into insolubility by ATXN2 PolyQ expansions, but only FBXW8 expression is dysregulated. 2579 Apr 75