Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.2.1.7 (BAL)
 1,977 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The number and types of mononuclear cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from 105 marrow transplant patients with and without cytomegalovirus pneumonia were studied to determine whether: (1) CMV pneumonia was associated with local recruitment of lymphocytes and lymphocytes of particular subtypes to the lung, and (2) whether local recruitment was affected by the known risk factors for the development of CMV pneumonia, namely acute graft-versus-host disease and total body irradiation. Results showed a significant increase in the number of lymphocytes (P = 0.014) and in the number of lymphocytes marking for CD8 (P = 0.0045) and CD16 (P = 0.052) in BAL from all patients compared with BAL from normal subjects. However, no significant differences were observed in BAL cellular characteristics between patients with and without pneumonia nor between patients with CMV or other etiologies of pneumonia. There were also no significant differences in BAL characteristics when patients were analyzed for the presence of acute GVHD, the use of TBI, or the type of transplant. These results do not provide evidence for local recruitment of lymphocytes to the lung unique of patients with CMV pneumonia nor to patients with GVHD and CMV pneumonia, in contrast to what is observed in murine CMV pneumonia.
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PMID:Mononuclear cell reconstitution in the lung after marrow transplantation. Lack of influence of cytomegalovirus pneumonia, irradiation, and graft-versus-host disease. 809 99

Macrophages and monocytes play important proinflammatory roles in allergic inflammation. We hypothesized that these cells would express an activated phenotype in allergic disease of the airways. We therefore compared the expression of 17 activation markers on the surface of alveolar macrophages (AM) and peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) in 13 subjects with asymptomatic allergic asthma (AA), nine subjects with asymptomatic allergic rhinitis (AR), and 11 nonallergic (N). AM were obtained by BAL, and PBM were simultaneously obtained by phlebotomy; both were analyzed for expression of surface markers using a new two-color flow cytometry method that essentially eliminates background autofluorescence. The proportions of AM in BAL fluid from AA, AR, and N subjects were 84 +/- 2, 85 +/- 4, and 91 +/- 1%, respectively; viability always exceeded 92%. Expression of eight markers (CD16, CD18, CD32, CD44, CD71, HLA Class I, HLA DR, and HLA DQ) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher on AM of AA than on N; expression of six markers (CD11a, CD16, CD18, CD71, HLA Class I, and HLA DR) was higher on AM of AR than on N, with differences in CD44 levels approaching statistical significance (p = 0.07). Expression of one marker, CD44, was significantly higher on AM of AA than on those of AR, with differences in HLA Class I levels approaching statistical significance (p = 0.07). In contrast, no significant differences were found among the three groups in the expression in eight other markers (CD11b, CD14, CD23, CD29, CD33, CD35, CD63, and CD64). Finally, similar analysis of PBM from these same subjects failed to find any difference between the three groups in any of the 17 activation markers studied. These data suggest that AM are activated in allergic respiratory diseases, and that levels of HLA Class I and CD44 on AM are altered during allergic inflammation in the upper and lower airways.
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PMID:Phenotypic analysis of alveolar macrophages and monocytes in allergic airway inflammation. I. Evidence for activation of alveolar macrophages, but not peripheral blood monocytes, in subjects with allergic rhinitis and asthma. 911 17

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the normal lymphocyte phenotype in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). BAL was carried out in 12 untreated healthy nonsmoking volunteers and in 9 cigarette smokers. For the analysis of lymphocyte subsets by two-color flow cytometry, the monoclonal antibodies used were directed anti: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD19, D25, CD45, CD56 and anti HLA-DR. An increase in the total number of cells in BALF of smoking persons and increased proportion of macrophages was observed. The percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes was 1.7 times higher, whereas the proportions of CD4+ cells, and a CD4+/CD8+ ratio were lower 1.5 and 2.6 times, respectively, in the BALF of cigarette smoking persons when compared with nonsmoking volunteers. The changes did not depend on the age of the person. In conclusion, we suggest that the decreased CD4/CD8 ratio and the elevated CD8 T cell subset may be regarded as a potential risk factor associated with clinically asymptomatic lung cancer. Moreover, in the interpretation of BALF from patients with pulmonary diseases cell proportions of nonsmoking and of smoking persons should be compared with the respective controls.
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PMID:Flow cytometric evaluation of lymphocyte subpopulations in BALF of healthy smokers and nonsmokers. 1009 47

Dendritic cells (DCs) are specific antigen-presenting cells that play critical roles in the initiation and polarization of immune responses. DCs residing in the lungs might be detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). We analysed DC compartment in the peripheral blood and BALF of patients with allergy and in controls. Plasmacytoid and four distinct subsets of myeloid DCs [characterized by the expression of blood dendritic cell antigen (BDCA)-1+ and -3+ and CD16 positivity or negativity] were detected in both tested compartments. We further evaluated the expression of C-type lectins [mannose receptor (MR), dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and dendritic and epithelial cells (DEC)-205] relevant to the pathogenesis of asthma. Interestingly, we found a selective increase in the frequency of myeloid DC-expressing BDCA-3 and MR particularly in BALF from allergic patients. Specific and highly statistically significant increase in BDCA-3+ and/or MR+ DCs brings a novel characteristic to BAL analysis in allergic patients.
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PMID:Selective increase in blood dendritic cell antigen-3-positive dendritic cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in allergic patients. 2198 60

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are strategically placed in all anatomic sites with high antigen exposure such as the respiratory system. The aim of this study was to evaluate phenotypic and functional properties of APCs from the lung (L-Cs), mediastinal lymph node (LN-Cs) and bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BAL-Cs). The APCs were first analyzed based on forward scatter and side scatter profiles and the selection of MHC-II(high)CD172a(+) cells (referred to as APCs); then the expression of CD1a, CD163, CD206, CD16 and CD11R3 was evaluated in the APCs. The results showed that CD1a, CD163 and CD206 were differentially expressed among L-Cs, LN-Cs and BAL-Cs, suggesting the phenotype MHC-II(high)CD172a(+)CD1a(low/-)CD163(low)CD206(-) for L-Cs and MHC-II(high)CD172a(+)CD1a(+)CD163(low/-)CD206(+) for LN-Cs. BAL-Cs were MHC-II(high)CD172a(+)CD1a(-)CD163(high)CD206(+/-). The functional characteristics of L-Cs and LN-Cs were different from those of BAL-Cs, confirming that L-Cs and LN-Cs resemble specialized APCs. In conclusion, we present the characterization of APCs from L-Cs, LN-Cs and BAL-Cs of the porcine respiratory system.
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PMID:Characterization of antigen-presenting cells from the porcine respiratory system. 2595 37

Childhood pulmonary diseases not only cause childhood morbidity and mortality but also can cause long-term pulmonary impairment. The clinical management of many childhood pulmonary diseases is hampered by a limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Flow cytometry, which can be used to phenotype individual cell populations or isolate cells for downstream analysis, represents a crucial technology that can help to elucidate the pathophysiology of these conditions. Here, we describe a flow cytometry-based method for purification and characterization of cell populations in BAL from children. This includes assessment of the effect of cryopreservation on cell phenotype and frequency, a knowledge gap recently identified by an American Thoracic Society report on flow cytometry in lung samples. To our knowledge, this is the first study to simultaneously quantify alveolar macrophages, T cells (CD4 and CD8), B cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, granulocytes, and monocytes (CD16+/CD16-) in the BAL of children. The protocols described can be used to advance investigation of the pathophysiology of childhood pulmonary diseases.
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PMID:Single-Cell Flow Cytometry Profiling of BAL in Children. 3220 82