Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.2.1.7 (BAL)
 1,977 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Our findings demonstrate that Broncho-Vaxom (BV) displays possibly via the gut-associated immune system different effects on the lymphatic system of the lung: a positive influence on the helper/suppressor T-lymphocyte balance, an increase of gamma interferon, a stimulation of the reduced alveolar macrophage activity, and a regulation of BAL IgA to a distinct level whereby the serum IgE is reduced. By these effects BV is able to modulate impaired local and systemic immune function. The observed relationship between the inflammation score and the BAL fluid composition supports the view that the improvement of the mucosa lesion found in nearly all of our patients with chronic bronchitis occurs as the result of the pleiotropic immunomodulating effects of Broncho-Vaxom.
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PMID:Effects of a bacterial extract on local immunity of the lung in patients with chronic bronchitis. 211 84

A case of pneumonia caused by C. pneumoniae, strain TWAR is described in this paper. A 65 year-old male with a persistent dry cough was admitted to our division for left lower lobe infiltrates of the chest X-ray. The serum antibody titers against mycoplasma and some viruses were not elevated, but the serum antibody titers against TWAR reached the maximum level (IgG X 1024, IgA X 256) using microplate immunofluorescence antibody technique (MFA). Isolation of TWAR was tried by BAL and nasophalingial swabs, but were not successful. TBLB from Lt. S10 revealed TWAR inclusion bodies within alveolar epithelial cells using TWAR specific monoclonal antibody (Washington Research Foundation).
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PMID:[A case of pneumonia caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae, strain TWAR]. 216 5

In 49 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis BAL differential and T-cell count, determination of IgG, IgA levels in BAL-fluid were performed. A significant increase of lymphocytes, T-cell count and levels of IgG in BAL-fluid in patients with active sarcoidosis was found. Steroid therapy significantly lowered lymphocyte counts and increased the number of macrophages.
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PMID:[Cell count and immunoglobulin level in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in patients with sarcoidosis]. 232 24

Phenotypic analysis of helper CD4+TQ1- cell population, the major helper T-cell subset for B-cell responses, was carried out in BAL fluid of sarcoidosis patients. Most of the BAL CD4+ cells lacked TQ1 membrane antigen. A correlation between the number of helper CD4+TQ1- cells and IgM and IgA levels was observed in 27 sarcoidosis patients' BAL. A role of CD4+TQ1- cells in modulating lung B-cell immunoglobulin secretion in sarcoidosis was confirmed by the fact that BAL IgG level and helper T-cell number correlated well in patients with low-intensity alveolitis. Results showed an inverse correlation between symptom duration and BAL IgM levels and CD4+TQ1- cell number. The number of helper cells was above normal in patients who had symptoms for less than 12 months and within normal range in those who had symptoms for more than that. The pathogenic and clinical relevance of these data is discussed.
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PMID:Helper inducer T cells in the lungs of sarcoidosis patients. Analysis of their pathogenic and clinical significance. 253 97

A patient is described with an asymptomatic exacerbation of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), clinically characterized by pulmonary infiltrates, with absence of obstructive reactions and a short period of hemoptysis 2 weeks before hospitalization. Cell counts and antibody concentrations were measured in serum, and bronchoalveolar fluid (BAF) samples and values were compared with data from previous periods of symptomatic exacerbations. During the asymptomatic exacerbation, concentrations of antibody to Aspergillus fumigatus, total IgE, and precipitating antibodies were elevated in peripheral blood. No quantitative differences in specific antibody concentrations (IgE, IgG, IgA, and IgM) against A. fumigatus were found between sera from symptomatic and asymptomatic periods of ABPA. In contrast to observations in the serum, protein concentrations in BAL fluid were normal during the asymptomatic period, whereas high concentrations were found during the symptomatic phases. Local antibody concentrations (in BAF) were characterized by high levels of IgA antibodies against A. fumigatus. During asymptomatic and symptomatic phases, eosinophils were elevated in peripheral blood, in sputum, in BAF, and highly elevated in tissue biopsy specimens. Activated eosinophils were found, as indicated by the presence of light-density cells in the circulation and monoclonal antieosinophil cationic protein binding to bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophils. In contrast to the symptomatic phase of ABPA in 1980, demonstrating aspecific airway reactivity to several pharmacologically active substances, no such hyperreactivity was found during the asymptomatic phase of ABPA in 1986. It is proposed that the asymptomatic infiltrative phase of ABPA is an intermediate stage that can develop into a symptomatic phase after prolonged and intensified infiltration of eosinophils. Mediators from the inflammatory cells may be involved in the induction of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. After induction of this hyperreactive stage of the airways, additional liberation of mediators from either eosinophils and/or mast cells will lead to a symptomatic (obstructive) phase of ABPA.
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PMID:Cellular and humoral observations in a patient with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis during a nonasthmatic exacerbation. 270 43

Immune complexes have been thought to participate in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, but the role of complement components is not defined. In our study of nine patients with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis (summer-type HP), C1q in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was strikingly increased (mean 3.7, range 0.4 to 10 micrograms/ml). The value of C1q/albumin was several to 20 times greater in BALF than in serum samples from individual patients. In contrast, BALF samples from control subjects (ten patients with sarcoidosis and nine normal subjects) contained an undetectable amount (less than 0.02 micrograms/ml) of C1q. C3 in BALF also increased in the summer-type HP patients. Furthermore, C1q (as well as specific IgG and IgA antibody activities to Trichosporon cutaneum antigen) in BALF correlated with clinical symptoms and diffusing capacity (DCO), while the BAL lymphocytosis or the change of OKT4/OKT8 ratio did not. These findings are indicative of local secretion or concentration mechanism of C1q and C3, supporting the involvement of immune complexes in the respiratory tract of the patients.
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PMID:C1q and C3 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis. 325 85

The protease-antiprotease balance and concentration of immunoglobulin was evaluated in some respiratory tract diseases. Analysis was carried out on 24 patients with atopic bronchial asthma, 21 with chronic bronchitis, 27 with bronchiectasis and 18 healthy smokers volunteers. In examination of BAL fluid some selective changes of proteolytic enzymes activities and concentrations of their natural inhibitors were documented. In atopic bronchial asthma the increased activity of acid protease, acid phosphatase and concentration of alpha-2-macroglobulin was the most characteristic. In chronic bronchitis there was an increase of acid protease, alkaline phosphatase and concentration of alpha-1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, but in bronchiectasis the increase of neutral and acid proteases activities and concentration of all examined natural inhibitors was noted. The changes in concentration of IgA and IgG confirmed their participation in local defense response. All examined BAL enzyme activities and concentrations of inhibitors and immunoglobulins were compared with the results of the parameters in serum, mentioned above. The obtained finding supports the suggestion that the proteolytic enzymes, their natural inhibitors and immunoglobulins play an important role in the respiratory tract pathology. Immunobiochemical analysis of BAL in atopic bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis may be useful for clinical prognosis and pharmacological treatment.
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PMID:Immunobiochemical evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in atopic bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis. 331 50

Clearance of bacteria in the bronchoalveolar lavage, the level and functional activity of IgA and changes in the cellular composition of BAL were examined in mice after supralaryngeal immunization and subsequent challenge with Klebsiella pneumoniae. More than 60% of the bacterial inoculum was removed by nonspecific mechanisms within 90 min after inoculation; within the time interval 1.5-3.5 h, clearance was significantly accelerated in locally immunized mice. The enhancement of clearance effectiveness is specific and increases proportionally with the length of immunization (1 less than 2 less than 4 weeks); it is of short duration and towards the end of the 3rd week after immunization, in 73% of immunized animals, the clearance values did not differ from values found in controls. The local immunization did not influence the total level of IgA in BAL, the formation of specific IgA antibody was minimal, in vivo binding of IgA to klebsiella could not be demonstrated. In immunized mice, a significant increase in the numbers of PMN and lymphocytes, as well as an increased activity of phagocytic cell (PMN, MP) was found in BAL. The time interval of 1.5-3.5 h after challenge bounds the space for mechanisms, activated by local immunization in lower airways. The actual participation of individual factors in the accelerated elimination of bacteria from the lumen of airways, remains unclear so far.
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PMID:Antibacterial immunity of lower airways: local or localized? 389 51

Analysis of serum and BAL fluid immunoglobulin levels in individuals with PBD and in asymptomatic but similarly exposed pigeon breeders was carried out by immunofluorometric assays. The results indicate that the group with PBD have significantly higher levels of IgG and IgA in their BAL fluids but that IgM levels were not significantly different in the two groups. These differences were not reflected in the serum immunoglobulin levels of the two groups. The elevated BAL fluid IgG levels in individuals with PBD is associated with an increase in IgG4 subclass levels as determined PHA inhibition. These studies suggest a role for this subclass in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from pigeon breeders. 739 53

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether markers of collagen synthesis, hyaluronan (HA) and procollagen type III aminoterminal peptide (PIIINP) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum (S) were correlated to paraclinical markers of disease activity (S-ACE, S-IgG S-IgA S-calcium, chest X-ray (CXR) profusion score, pulmonary function tests (FEV1, FVC, TLC, DLCO)) in pulmonary sarcoidosis. The material comprised 48 patients with biopsy proven sarcoidosis (35 male, 13 female, median age 31 years) and 24 controls (16 male, 8 female, median age 60 years). BAL was performed in the right middle lobe with 250 ml saline. Patients had higher BALF-HA, mean 88 +/- 13 (SEM) micrograms/l, than controls, 39 +/- 2 micrograms/l (p < 0.01), higher BALF-albumin, 121 +/- 13 mg/l, than controls 58 +/- 4 mg/l (p < 0.01), and higher BALF/S-HA ratio, 3.35 +/- 0.51, than controls, 1.23 +/- 0.60 (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences for S-HA, BALF-PIIINP, or S-PIIINP. In patients significant correlations were found between BALF-HA, S-HA, and BALF-albumin; between S-HA and S-ACE; between BALF/S-HA and BALF-albumin; between CXR profusion score and S-HA, S-ACE, S-IgG, S-IgA, FEV1, FVC, TLC and DLCO. The results indicate that measurement of S-HA, BALF-HA, and BALF-albumin may be of value in the monitoring of disease in pulmonary sarcoidosis.
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PMID:Hyaluronan and procollagen type III aminoterminal peptide in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. 761 74


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