Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.2.1.7 (BAL)
 1,977 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Micromolar concentrations of methylmercury and several organic mercury fungicides were found to block binding of [3H]acetylcholine (ACh) to the ACh-receptor of the electric organ of the electric ray, Torpedo ocellata. The same compounds had little or no effect on the catalytic activity of ACh-esterase of the same tissue. [14C]Methyl-mercury bound to the purified ACh-receptor with high affinity (Kd=7micrometer) and there were 6.5 +/- 0.5 binding sites for each ACh-binding site. Binding of methylmercury was highly cooperative with a Hill coefficient of 2.6. This binding was irreversible by redialysis in methylmercury - free medium, however, the bound [14C]methylmercury was easily displaced from the receptor protein with micrometer concentrations of BAL or penicillamine. Methylmercury also blocked binding of [3H] nicotine and [3H]pilocarpine to the nicotinic and muscarinic ACh-receptors of the rat brain, respectively. The data suggest that the ACh-receptor may be a target for methylmercury and other organic mercury compounds.
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PMID:Interactions of acetylcholine receptors with organic mercury compounds. 89 53

We evaluated the levels of bradykinin, albumin, TAME-esterase activity, histamine, PGD2 and LTC4 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from asthmatics and from patients with pneumonia, sarcoidosis, fibrosis, and chronic bronchitis. Compared with the results of healthy volunteers and atopic asymptomatic asthmatics the bradykinin levels and TAME-esterase activity were significantly elevated. In all other groups, histamine was additionally elevated in asymptomatic asthmatics, whereas albumin was elevated in symptomatic asthmatics and fibrosis patients, and decreased in chronic bronchitis and pneumonia patients. Following local intrabronchial allergen challenge of mild grass pollen asthmatics out of season bradykinin levels increased significantly, correlated with albumin, histamine and TAME-esterase activity. In contrast to the increased mediator concentrations in the early phase reaction there was no change of BAL cells in asthmatics compared to baseline and healthy volunteers. The presence of bradykinin in the bronchoalveolar space of patients with active pulmonary inflammations and bradykinin generation in asthmatics as a result of intrabronchial allergen challenge provides strong evidence that kinins are involved in inflammatory disorders of the lower airways.
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PMID:Bradykinin and other inflammatory mediators in BAL-fluid from patients with active pulmonary inflammation. 146 81

The aim of the study was to compare the results of routine counts of percentage of BAL macrophages, using morphological differential staining method--Pappenheim stain (M) and staining for nonspecific esterase activity (E) with those obtained by APAAP technique, using specific for monocytes (macrophages monoclonal antibodies (Ki-M1) and the complex APAAP (alkaline phosphatase--mouse anti alkaline phosphatase complex). The mean counts were comparable, although different criteria of estimation were used. Significant differences were seen in smokers when the criteria were based on morphology and expression of surface antigens. The results indicate that correct estimation of macrophage counts and their characteristics (enzymatic activity, expression of surface antigens) can only be made using many methods based on various criteria of estimation.
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PMID:[Cellular analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. I. Detection of macrophage populations]. 172 94

We successfully adapted the dimercaprol (BAL) tributyrate-5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) method (J. Biochem. 81: 361, 1977) for assay of lipase in human serum to a discrete analyzer (the TBA 880) (I) or a continuous-flow analyzer (AutoAnalyzer, Type II) (II). In both, BAL-tributyrate is used as substrate, in combination with serum esterase inhibitors and a chromogenic reagent for the SH group of the liberated BAL. Serum lipase activities of patients with pancreatic diseases, measured at 90 or 40 samples per hour by I or II, respectively, correlated well with those measured by the corresponding manual method or by Kaplan's radioassay (Anal. Biochem. 33: 213, 1970). The correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.95, and the coefficients of variation were less than 8%, showing the practical usefulness of these procedures.
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PMID:Assays of serum lipase by the "BALB-DTNB method" mechanized for use with discrete and continuous-flow analyzers. 705 91

Airway inflammation is a prominent feature of chronic airway disease as asthma and chronic bronchitis. Multiply cells released mediators and neurotransmitters which are likely to be involved in their origination. The purpose of this study was to establish the levels of kinin, albumin, TAME-esterase activity in BAL fluid of symptomatic and asymptomatic asthmatic patients and to determinate the relationship among mediators. There were significant increases in the mean concentrations of kinin, HSA, TAME-esterase activity in BAL fluid from patients with asthma, chronic bronchitis, compared with the controls (p < 0.005). Kinin mean concentration was in asthmatics 5313, 2 ng/ml, in chronic bronchitis patients 6796.2 ng/ml, versus 468.1 ng/ml in control group. TAME-esterase activity in investigated group was as follow asthmatics 12666 cmp, CB 15131, 3 cmp, versus 3695, 5 cmp in controls. We observed good correlation of kinin and TAME-esterase with HSA in BAL fluid suggest vascular origin of the mediators. The presence of kinins, TAME-esterase in BALs from symptomatic asthmatics and patients with chronic bronchitis provide strong evidence that kinins are involved in this group of lower airway diseases.
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PMID:[Evaluation of bradykinin levels and activation of Tame-esterase in Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid of patients with bronchial asthma]. 758 Oct 56

Mutation of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene by homologous recombination causes progressive pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) in GM-CSF-deficient mice (GM-/-). The present study tested whether adenovirus-mediated expression of GM-CSF alters the progression of PAP in GM-/- mice. Adult mice were pretreated with an anti-T cell receptor (TCR) antibody to block T cell-mediated immune response, followed by intratracheal instillation of deltaE1-E3 replication-deficient adenovirus expressing mouse GM-CSF (Av1mGM). Mice were killed 1, 3, and 5 weeks after treatment to assess lungs for GM-CSF, surfactant protein B (SP-B), alveolar macrophage maturation, and type II cell proliferation. GM-CSF was detected in BAL fluid from GM-/- mice 1 week after Av1mGM treatment, and GM-CSF mRNA was detected by RT-PCR through 5 weeks. Five weeks after Av1mGM treatment, PAP was improved and SP-B decreased as assessed by ELISA and immunostaining. Increased numbers of alveolar macrophages stained with alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (alpha-NAE) following treatment with Av1mGM. Local expression of GM-CSF with a recombinant adenovirus ameliorated PAP in the GM-/- mice in association with enhanced maturation of alveolar macrophages.
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PMID:Adenovirus-mediated granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor improves lung pathology of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-deficient mice. 975 36

An enzyme with lipase and esterase activity was purified from bovine pancreas. Furthermore, a non-radioactive lipase assay was developed which is 100 times more sensitive than the conventional methods and allowed the characterization of the lipase activity of the enzyme. The lipase activity increased 42 times in the presence of 10 mM sodium taurocholate, which for the first time provides direct evidence that a bile salt-activated lipase (bp-BAL) was isolated from bovine pancreas. This conclusion is further supported by the fact that the N-terminal amino acid sequence of this lipase/esterase is 88% homologous to human milk BAL and human pancreatic BAL. Staining with various lectins showed that bp-BAL is a glycoprotein which contains fucose residues. Previously from bovine pancreas a lysophospholipase has been purified and a gene was cloned and sequenced encoding an enzyme with cholesterol esterase/lysophospholipase activity. Comparison of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of bp-BAL with the deduced amino acid sequence of the latter revealed that they are identical. Furthermore, the molecular weight of the purified bp-BAL of 63,000, as estimated by SDS-PAGE, is very similar to that of the purified lysophospholipase (65,000) and to the theoretical molecular weight of 65,147 of the cholesterol esterase/lysophospholipase. These data suggest that these three enzymes are one and the same.
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PMID:Purification and characterization of bovine pancreatic bile salt-activated lipase. 1022 May 79