Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.2.1.7 (BAL)
 1,977 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bronchial asthma is a chronic condition with an inflammatory background--allergic inflammation. In recent years several observations have been published documenting activity of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in chronic inflammatory diseases of respiratory tract. This study was set up to evaluate the effect of nebulized LMWH on spirometric parameters and selected markers of allergic inflammation in bronchial asthma. Twenty patients diagnosed with mild or moderate asthma entered the study. At the beginning and at the end of the experiment every patient underwent bronchoscopy with BAL and in 15 of them bronchial biopsy was performed. Blood was drawn for ECP evaluation. LMWH was administered in nebulization in a dose 5000 U Xa/day for two weeks. BALf cellularity was evaluated as well as BALf IL-5 concentration. Further ELAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in bronchial mucosa was examined in immunohistochemistry. We demonstrated that heparin treatment significantly enhanced FEV1 from 76.02 +/- 21.7% nominate value before to 92.4 +/- 21.8% after treatment (p < 0.005). Cellular profile of BALf changed, showing significant drop in percentages of eosinophils--from 7% to 6% (p < 0.05), macrophages--38 to 32% (p < 0.05) and neutrophils--32 to 28% (p < 0.05). Surprisingly we did not notice any change in ECP concentration in blood serum or IL-5 in BALf. Also adhesion molecules expression in bronchial mucosa remained unchanged. We conclude that chronic LMWH nebulization is a valuable treatment ameliorating asthmatic condition clearly due to anti-inflammatory properties of heparin. Both dose of LMWH used and the time of therapy have to be further investigated in order to develop treatment able to influence more of the elements of allergic inflammation.
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PMID:[Influence of long-term low molecular weight heparin nebulization on selected clinical parameters and course of allergic inflammation in patients with bronchial asthma]. 1202 31

The mouse eosinophil-associated ribonucleases (mEars) are species specific, divergent orthologs of the human antiviral RNase A ribonucleases, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (RNase 2) and eosinophil cationic protein (RNase 3). We show here that mEar 2 is also an antiviral ribonuclease, as micromolar concentrations promote a approximately sixfold reduction in the infectivity of pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) for target respiratory epithelial cells in vitro. Although initially identified as a component of eosinophilic leukocytes, mEar 2 mRNA and protein were also detected in lung tissue accompanied by enzymatically active mEar 2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). At t=3 days post-inoculation with PVM (strain J3666), we observed the characteristic inflammatory response accompanied by diminished expression of total mEar mRNA and protein in lung tissue and a corresponding fivefold drop in ribonuclease activity in BALF. No change in mEar expression was observed in response to infection with PVM strain 15, a replication-competent strain of PVM that does not elicit a cellular inflammatory response. However, mEar expression is not directly dependent on inflammation per se, as diminished expression of mEar mRNA and BAL ribonuclease activity were also observed in PVM-infected, inflammation-deficient, MIP-1alpha -/- mice. We propose that this mechanism may represent a novel virus-mediated evasion strategy, with a mechanism that is linked in some fashion to virus-specific pathogenicity.
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PMID:Diminished expression of an antiviral ribonuclease in response to pneumovirus infection in vivo. 1292 8

Bronchial asthma is a chronic disease of the respiratory tract. Search for alternative to presently used therapies seems to be the way to obtain a better control of asthma. Heparin is an acidic mucopolysaccharide and in the past years there has been a number of reports on the role of heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in chronic inflammatory disorders of the respiratory tract. Our aim was to estimate the effect of long-time LMWH nebulization on selected parameters in asthmatic patients. Twenty-four patients entered the study. All of them were subjected to bronchoscopy with BAL, in 8 patients this procedure was performed twice: before and after heparin treatment. After 14 days of treatment we observed an increase in FEV1 (from 73.93 +/- 14.14% (in % of nominal value) to 89.62 +/- 10.08% (p = 0.0049). Additionally we noted a decrease in the percentage of eosinophils and lymphocytes in BAL sediments, from 4.86 +/- 3.48% to 1.25 +/- 2.76%; p = 0.0006 and from 5.39 +/- 2.25% to 2.94 +/- 1.23%; p = 0.0209, respectively. This changes were paralleled by a drop of EG2 in BAL supernatant from 1.00 +/- 0.99 to 0.13 +/- 0.35, p = 0.0256. In blood serum level of histamine 0.74 +/- 0.77 to 0.1 +/- 0.22; p = 0.0493. We did not observe significant changes in IL-5, sVCAM-1 or ECP concentrations in serum. Also different LMWH dosing (5-10 kUIC anti-Xa b.i.d.) did not produce any dose-response effect. We conclude, that LMWH in nebulization can be a valuable add-on treatment in bronchial asthma, and its most likely mechanisms of action are: prevention of mast cell degranulation (histamine decrease), decreased eosinophil activation (lower EG2), and modification of inflammatory cells influx (decreased percentages of eosinophils and lymphocytes in BAL).
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PMID:[Mechanisms of action of nebulized low molecular weights heparin in patients with bronchial asthma]. 1505 58

Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) is one of the markers released by eosinophils. It suggests that ECP can be a good laboratory measurement for late allergic phase assessment. ECP can be measured in serum, BAL, sputum or nasal lavage. There are many studies that document the use of ECP in such diseases like: bronchial asthma, pollinosis or food allergy, but their results are not uniform.
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PMID:[Eosinophil cationic protein as a marker of eosinophil activity]. 1720 13


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