Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.2.1.7 (BAL)
 1,977 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of the chelating agents Na2Ca-ethylendiaminetetraacetate (EDTA), Na3Ca-diethylentriaminepentaacetate (DTPA), L-cysteine, 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), glutathione, D,L-penicillamine (D,L-PEN) and 2,3-dimercaptopropanol (BAL) on the toxicity, distribution and excretion of intraperitoneally injected cobalt were studied in male Swiss mice. To determine the effect of the various chelators on the toxicity of cobalt, various doses of CoCl2 (0.60-1.80 mmol/kg) were given, followed immediately by the IP administration of the chelator (at a dose equal to one-fourth of their respective LD50). EDTA and DTPA were the most effective. EDTA, DTPA and L-cysteine, NAC and glutathione were also the most effective in increasing the urinary excretion of cobalt and reducing the concentration of the metal in various tissues. EDTA appears to be the most effective agent of those tested in the prevention of acute cobalt intoxication.
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PMID:Comparison of the effectiveness of several chelators after single administration on the toxicity, excretion and distribution of cobalt. 308 29

The authors report the case of a worker in the hard metal industry presenting with asthma due to cobalt and nickel. The diagnosis was supported by the history, positive skin tests and lymphocyte activation as well as elevated levels of the metals in the urine and BAL. Challenge led to a delayed asthmatic reaction occurring 3.5 to 24 hours after exposure. The BAL contained high levels of tungsten and cobalt, the level of the latter doubling 48 hours after exposure. After the provocation test a nasal and broncho-alveolar eosinophilia was observed. The possibility of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to metals is discussed by the authors.
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PMID:[Occupational asthma due to hard metals hypersensitivity]. 1216 93

This article outlines symptoms and therapeutic options in chronic cobalt poisoning including a case report in which metallosis caused by a ceramic-metal articular pairing led to almost complete loss of sight and hearing after revision of a total hip prosthesis. At primary revision the firmly incorporated stem was left in place. For a better offset only the head was exchanged from a ceramic to a metal model which articulated with a socket containing a ceramic inlay. Postoperatively, movement of the hip joint became increasingly uncomfortable and painful. After 2 years, the patient started complaining about increasing impairment of his eyesight followed by a gradual loss of hearing. In a second revision, examination of the explanted material showed almost complete deterioration of the metal femoral head and a partially fractured ceramic inlay with extensive contamination of the bone and surrounding soft tissue by metal debris. At the time of revision increasing concentrations of the alloy elements cobalt, chromium, and molybdenum were measured in the serum and liquor. The concentration of cobalt, in particular, was remarkably high. Treatment options in cases with chronic cobalt poisoning include chelation therapy with EDTA or BAL/DMPS.
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PMID:[Chronic cobalt poisoning in endoprosthetic replacement]. 1676 56

Systemic toxicity associated with cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) containing metal hip alloy may result in neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, and hypothyroidism. However clinical management concerning chelating therapy is still debated in literature. Here are described two metal-on-metal hip-implanted patients in which N-acetyl-cysteine decreased elevated blood metal levels. A 67-year-old male who underwent Co/Cr hip implant in September 2009 referred to our Poison Control Centre for persisting elevated Co/Cr blood levels (from March 2012 to November 2014). After receiving oral high-dose N-acetyl-cysteine, Co/Cr blood concentrations dropped by 86% and 87% of the prechelation levels, respectively, and persisted at these latter concentrations during the following 6 months of follow-up. An 81-year-old female who underwent Co/Cr hip implant in January 2007 referred to our Centre for detection of high Co and Cr blood levels in June 2012. No hip revision was indicated. After a therapy with oral high-dose N-acetyl-cysteine Co/Cr blood concentrations decreased of 45% and 24% of the prechelation levels. Chelating agents reported in hip-implanted patients (EDTA, DMPS, and BAL) are described in few cases. N-acetyl-cysteine may provide chelating sites for metals and in our cases reduced Co and Cr blood levels and resulted well tolerable.
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PMID:N-Acetyl-Cysteine as Effective and Safe Chelating Agent in Metal-on-Metal Hip-Implanted Patients: Two Cases. 2714 63