Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.2.1.7 (BAL)
 1,977 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The optimal reaction conditions and kinetic properties of eleven leukocyte acid hydrolases determined with the use of fluorigenic derivatives of 4-methyl-umbelliferone are described. The enzymes studied were acid phosphatase, aryl sulfatase, alpha- and beta-glucosidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase and alpha-fucosidase. More than 90% of the activity of each enzyme was released into a 27,000 X g supernatant by a double sonication procedure employing 0.9% sodium chloride and 0.1% Triton X-100. The Km values obtained were similar to those previously reported for chromogenic subtrates. A single Km value could not be derived for beta-galactosidase because its double reciprocal plot was not linear. All enzymes could be measured with less than 10 mug of protein within 15 min. Activators and inhibitors studied included the chloride salts of Na+, K+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Hg2+, and Fe2+ as well as p-chloromercuriphenysulfonate, glutathione, BAL, EDTA, EGTA, Triton X-100 and sodium taurocholate. The reaction conditions described in this report can be used for the diagnosis of various lysosomal storage diseases and should facilitate the development of automated procedures for the analysis of these eleven enzyme activities with small quantities of blood.
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PMID:Human leukocyte acid hydrolases: characterization of eleven lysosomal enzymes and study of reaction conditions for their automated analysis. 0 26

The influence of pH and angiotensinase inhibitors on the in vitro generation of angiotensin I during PRA measurements has been investigated. PRA values obtained at pH 5.7 are higher than those obtained at pH 7.4. At pH 5.7, values obtained using diisopropylfluorophosphate (DRP 9 mM) as an angiotensinase inhibitor are higher than values obtained with a mixture of dimercaprol (BAL, 1.6 mM) and hydroxyquinoline (8-OHQ, 3 to 4 mM). Since the two methods for inhibiting angiotensinase are completely and equally efficient, it is suggested that these inhibitors might interfere with the renin angiotensinogen reaction. Significant correlations are observed between the PRA values obtained by the different methods which have been studied. Using an incubation pH of 5.7, and BAL and 8-OH quinoline as angiotensinase inhibitors, the distribution of PRA values in a population of 124 hospitalized hypertensive patients ingesting a normal sodium diet had been studied, and it has been demonstrated that the sensitivity of this method of measurement can detect small changes in PRA in patients with low renin activity.
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PMID:Methodologic problems in plasma renin activity measurements. 1 Jul 27

Ten patients with rheumatoid arhritis treated with gold sodium thiomalate developed thrombocytopenia without bone marrow asplasia. There was no life-threatening blood loss, but petechiae, purpura, or echymoses were seen in eight patients. The serum gold levels monitored in one patient did not exceed levels seen in patients without thrombocytopenia. In three cases peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured in the presence of gold and tritiated thymidine incorporation was significantly increased. Eight patients responded to steroid therapy, one patient to BAL and pencillamine, and one patient to vincristine.
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PMID:Gold-induced thrombocytopenia. 20 84

Exposure to mercury vapors for an hour per working day over a period of 13 years produced in a thermometer manufacturer severe signs and symptoms of mercury poisoning. Complete disability developed insidiously over the last six months of employment. During the first two months of observation, the patient was treated in succession with three chelating agents: 2,3-dimercapto-l-propanol (BAL), D-penicillamine and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (Dithiocarb). Each agent was administered initially for a period of approximately two weeks. A second course of therapy with BAL was administered for three days. Of the three complexing agents used, BAL gave the most dramatically favorable clinical response and yielded the highest urinary excretions of mercury. Dithiocarb was partially effective; d-pencillamine proved to be essentially ineffective. Analyses of the patient's sweat indicated that appreciable amounts of mercury were excreted by this route. Following the alleviation of the severe symptoms by BAL, the patient was placed on a regimen of daily sweats and physio-therapy for a protracted period of several months. On this latter regimen, the mercury levels in the urine, blood serum and sweat were decreased to within the normal ranges of values. The patient made a complete and uneventful recovery. In patients encountering psychotic and neurological disorders of undetermined etiology, consideration should be given to unsuspected or masked chronic exposure to mercury vapors as a possible cause.
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PMID:Clinical response to therapeutic agents in poisoning from mercury vapor. 21 Jul 2

Very low levels of lipase can easily be measured by a new serum lipase assay method (the BALB-DTNB method), using BAL-tributyrate (BALB) as a substrate, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as a chromogenic SH reagent, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride as an inhibitor of esterases and sodium dodecyl sulfate as a surfactant. The BALB-DTNB method has a higher sensitivity than the conventional serum lipase assay methods, and proved useful for analyzing the properties of serum lipases in combination with gel-filtration on a Sephacryl S 200 column and isoelectrofocusing in an Ampholine column. Serum samples containing high levels of lipases from patients with pancreatic diseases or patients in whom the pancreatic exocrine gland had been stimulated by injecting caerulein and secretin were analyzed by these methods. The lipolytic profiles obtained indicated the presence of a lipase with an estimated molecular weight of 46,000 and isoelectric points of 7.4, 6.8, or/and 6.4. A lipase with properties similar to those of the serum lipase was found to be present in human pancreatic juice.
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PMID:Properties of serum lipase in patients with various pancreatic diseases. Analysis by a new serum lipase assay method (the BALB-DTNB method) in combination with gel-filtration and iso-electrofocusing techniques. 73 96

Initial experiments involving mouse development employed single IP injections of 45 mg/kg sodium arsenate on one of days 6-12 of gestation and produced a spectrum of developmental defects. Embryotoxicity was indicated by high prenatal mortality and decreased fetal weights. A chelating agent, 2,3-dimercaptopropanol (BAL), was then employed in an attempt to alleviate the adverse effects of prenatal arsenate. BAL was administered 4 hr before, concurrently with, or 4 hr after arsenate. All BAL treatments diminished arsenate-induced gross malformations and growth retardation; the concurrent treatment alleviated skeletal malformation. Injection of rats IP with arsenate has also been reported to result in teratogenicity, including renal agenesis. Further reports indicated that 40 mg/kg arsenate administered to mice by gavage on days 9-11 increased prenatal mortality, reduced fetal weights, and was associated with minor malformations. According to our recent work, however, single oral doses of arsenate must be around 120 mg/kg to cause prenatal toxicity. Multiple doses of 60 mg/kg on 3 days had little effect. Sodium arsenite has also been found to be fetotoxic and teratogenic. Such effects were seen at IP doses of 10-12 mg/kg.
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PMID:Effects in the mouse and rat of prenatal exposure to arsenic. 90 2

Among 15 chelating agents tested, sodium-2,3-dimercaptopropane 1 sulfonate (DMPS), 2,3-dimercaptopropanol (BAL), sodium-mercaptoethyliminodiacetate (MEIDA), and D-penicillamine (PA) exerted an influence on the excretion of Hg and its distribution in the organs. The excretion pattern however, is different for these compounds, and, from the practical point of view, a favourable effect is exhibited only by DMPS which enhances the urinary excretion rate and lowers the Hg-concentration in all organs.
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PMID:The excretion and distribution of inorganic mercury in the rat as influenced by several chelating agents. 94 4

The culture medium of Pseudomonas BAL 31 contains endonuclease activities which are highly specific for single-stranged DNA and for the single-stranded or weakly hydrogen-bonded regions in supercoiled closed circular DNA. Exposure of nicked DNA to the culture medium results in cleavage of the strang opposite the sites of preexisting single-strand scissions. At least some of the linear duplex molecules derived by cleavage of supercoiled closed circular molecules contain short single-stranded ends. Single-strand scissions are not introduced into intact, linear duplex DNA or unsupercoiled covalently closed circular DNA. Under these same reaction conditions, 0X174 phage DNA is extensively degraded and PM2 form I DNA is quantitatively converted to PM2 form III linear duplexes. Prolonged exposure of this linear duplex DNA to the concentrated culture medium reveals the presence of a double-strand exonuclease activity that progressively reduces the average length of the linear duplex. These nuclease activities persist at ionic strengths up to 4 M and are not eliminated in the presence of 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate. Calcium and magnesium ion are both required for optimal activity. Although the absence of magnesium ion reduces the activities, the absence of calcium ion irreversibly eliminates all the activities.
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PMID:Extracellular nucleases of Pseudomonas BAL 31. I. Characterization of single strand-specific deoxyriboendonuclease and double-strand deoxyriboexonuclease activities. 117 26

Increased airway reactivity and influx of inflammatory cells into the airways have been demonstrated both in smokers and after smoke exposure in animal studies. We investigated the ability of nedocromil sodium and hydrocortisone to protect from the pathological alterations induced by direct cigarette smoke exposure in anaesthetized guinea-pigs. Active inhalation of cigarette smoke (15 s/min for 10 min) induced airway hyperreactivity, as shown by the enhanced bronchoconstrictor effect of histamine and was associated with an increase in total cells, macrophages and eosinophils in the BAL fluid. Nedocromil sodium given by aerosol (3 and 10 mg/ml for 30 s) completely prevented the ability of cigarette smoke to potentiate histamine induced bronchoconstriction. In parallel, nedocromil sodium inhibited the development of the inflammatory reaction triggered by smoke exposure. Hydrocortisone pretreatment (50 mg/kg s.c. twice) did not abolish the smoke induced airway hyperreactivity, nor did it inhibit the recruitment of proinflammatory cells within the airway lumen. Sensory neuropeptides have been demonstrated to be involved in the development of smoke induced airway hyperreactivity. The efficacy of nedocromil sodium in this model might depend on its ability to modulate the activation of the peptidergic system.
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PMID:Nedocromil sodium prevents airway hyperreactivity induced by cigarette smoke in anaesthetized guinea-pigs. 131 29

Inorganic arsenic is embryotoxic and teratogenic in chicks, golden hamsters, mice, and rats. Certain dithiol chelators have been reported to protect against arsenite-induced lethality and to decrease arsenic body burden. The present study evaluated the influence of BAL (2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol) and DMPS (sodium 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid), a water-soluble analogue of BAL, on arsenic-induced embryotoxic and teratogenic effects in the mouse. A series of four BAL or DMPS injections was administered sc to pregnant mice immediately after a single ip injection of 12 mg/kg of sodium arsenite given on Day 9 of gestation and at 24, 48, and 72 hr thereafter. Controls received sc corn oil with or without arsenite. Amelioration by BAL and DMPS of arsenite developmental toxicity was assessed at 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg/day, and 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg/day, respectively. BAL given following arsenite was not able to ameliorate the developmentally toxic effects of arsenite seen in mice, whereas treatment with DMPS at 150 and 300 mg/kg showed significant protective effects against arsenite embryotoxicity and teratogenicity. DMPS administration at 300 mg/kg also protected the dams against arsenite-induced maternal toxicity.
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PMID:Amelioration by BAL (2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol) and DMPS (sodium 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid) of arsenite developmental toxicity in mice. 137 32


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