Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:6.2.1.7 (BAL)
 1,977 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We evaluated the levels of bradykinin, albumin, TAME-esterase activity, histamine, PGD2 and LTC4 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from asthmatics and from patients with pneumonia, sarcoidosis, fibrosis, and chronic bronchitis. Compared with the results of healthy volunteers and atopic asymptomatic asthmatics the bradykinin levels and TAME-esterase activity were significantly elevated. In all other groups, histamine was additionally elevated in asymptomatic asthmatics, whereas albumin was elevated in symptomatic asthmatics and fibrosis patients, and decreased in chronic bronchitis and pneumonia patients. Following local intrabronchial allergen challenge of mild grass pollen asthmatics out of season bradykinin levels increased significantly, correlated with albumin, histamine and TAME-esterase activity. In contrast to the increased mediator concentrations in the early phase reaction there was no change of BAL cells in asthmatics compared to baseline and healthy volunteers. The presence of bradykinin in the bronchoalveolar space of patients with active pulmonary inflammations and bradykinin generation in asthmatics as a result of intrabronchial allergen challenge provides strong evidence that kinins are involved in inflammatory disorders of the lower airways.
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PMID:Bradykinin and other inflammatory mediators in BAL-fluid from patients with active pulmonary inflammation. 146 81

To elucidate the mechanism of late asthmatic response (LAR), which is related to intractable asthma attack, the cellular and humoral components of LAR were examined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained after bronchial inhalation tests with Candida allergen on Candida-sensitive asthma patients. BAL examination was carried out 2 hours after remission of LAR, and differential cell counts and measurements of leukotrienes (LTs) by high performance liquid chromatography were investigated in BALF and peripheral blood. The number of neutrophils and basophils in circulating blood showed a peak before LAR, and then decreased markedly at LAR. And an increase in the percentage of eosinophils (p less than 0.01) and neutrophils was evident in BALF after LAR compared with the level in the non-attack state. The percentage of basophil-mast cells, however, did not change in the same manner. The serum level of LTC4 increased significantly at LAR in comparison with its level in the phase before LAR. And the level of LTC4 was also significantly higher in BALF after LAR (p less than 0.01). However, LTD4 and LTB4 were at almost undetectable levels in BALF in the non-attack state and after LAR. The results indicate that neutrophils as well as eosinophils may accumulate and release several kinds of leukotrienes at local sites in late asthmatic response provoked by the inhalation of Candida antigen; this gives clues as to the mechanism of severe and intractable asthma attacks.
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PMID:[Studies on the mechanism of late asthmatic response by Candida antigen inhalation using bronchoalveolar lavage]. 152 66

In eight subjects who showed dual asthmatic response (DAR) in bronchial provocation tests (BPT) with specific allergens, local allergen challenge (LAC) was conducted using a flexible bronchofiberscope. We examined the concentrations of histamine, leukotriene B4 and C4 (LTB4 and LTC4) and cell populations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) collected before LAC (control), during the immediate response phase (IR), and the late response phase (LR). Control BALF was collected from the left lingula (B4 or B5), and BALF in the IR or LR phase from the right middle lobe (B4 or B5). Each BAL was conducted with 50 ml of saline at 37 degrees C and repeated three times in succession. It was noted that histamine increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in IR-BALF from the control level. In addition, the concentrations of LTC4 and the numbers of eosinophils increased in IR-BALF. In LR-BALF, the numbers of eosinophils (p less than 0.01), and the concentrations of histamine (p less than 0.05), LTC4 (p less than 0.05) and LTB4 increased. From these results, it was suggested that infiltration of eosinophils and various chemical mediators in the bronchial mucosa play important roles in the development of late asthmatic response.
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PMID:[The changes in cell population and chemical mediators in BALF following local allergen challenge]. 165 21