Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.2.1.7 (BAL)
 1,977 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The long control region (LCR) of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 genome can function as a conditional transcriptional enhancer which can be specifically trans-activated by the viral E2 gene product. To precisely map the target(s) of this trans-activation, BAL 31 exonuclease was used to generate two overlapping series of deleted DNA segments through the LCR. These fragments were assayed for their ability to activate transcription from the enhancer-deleted simian virus 40 early promoter of pA10CAT in the presence or absence of the viral E2 gene product. Two different E2-responsive elements were localized within the LCR. The major target for E2 trans-activation (E2-responsive element 1) was mapped to a 196-base-pair fragment between nucleotides 7611 and 7806, just upstream from promoters P7940 and P89. Further deletions which destroyed or impaired enhancer function revealed that the ACCN6GGT sequence motifs at each end of E2-responsive element 1 are critical components of this element. Primer extension analysis of RNA extracted from acute transfections with plasmids containing the bovine papillomavirus type 1 LCR driving the CAT gene revealed that each of the P7940 and P89 promoters is responsive to E2 trans-activation.
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PMID:Bovine papillomavirus transcriptional regulation: localization of the E2-responsive elements of the long control region. 303 14

Asbestosis is a diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, secondary to the inhalation of asbestos fibres. There is a dose-response relationship between exposure to asbestos and the risk of developing asbestosis, in such a way that the greater the exposure, the greater the risk of developing the disease. The time of clinical latency is inversely proportional to the level of exposure. Dyspnoea upon exertion and a dry cough together with end-inspiratory crackles are the most frequent symptoms and signs. Chest radiography is a basic tool in identifying the disease, however high resolution CAT has added greater sensitivity. Tests of the respiratory function show alterations and restrictive ventilations with a reduction of pulmonary spread. Determination of asbestos bodies in BAL is an indicator of exposure, although their absence does not rule out the disease. A histopathological diagnosis is the most reliable, although in the majority of cases the diagnosis is established on the basis of the existence of an antecedent of exposure to asbestos together with suggestive clinical, radiological and functional findings, and a suitable time of latency, without having recourse to a pulmonary biopsy.
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PMID:[Asbestosis]. 1591 70

Acrylamide is a toxic chemical substance produced when starch-rich foods are fried at high temperatures. Asthma is a chronic and complicated respiratory disease, of which genetic and environmental factors are the main triggers. Orally-received components may have an effect on asthma pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of AA as a stimulus in asthma. BALB/c mice were allocated into four groups as follows: two OVA-sensitized asthmatic groups, including one treated with AA by gavage feeding and one non-treated (asthma group), and two healthy (non-asthmatic) groups, one treated with AA by gavage feeding and one non-treated (negative control group). Airway hyperresponsiveness, cell count, cytokine levels in BAL fluid, lung histopathology, IgE levels, and oxidative stress indices including plasma level of MDA, pulmonary antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) levels, HP content, and collagen fiber accumulation in lung tissue were measured. We found that the group of mice treated with both OVA and AA (asthmatic and AA-treated mice) experienced higher levels of asthma-associated biomarkers, including higher enhanced pause (Penh value), eosinophilic inflammation, mucus hyper secretion, goblet cell hyperplasia, total and OVA-specific IgE levels, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 levels than the group sensitized only with OVA (asthmatic mice). The OVA-AA-treated mice also experienced worsened levels of oxidative stress indicators. Healthy (non-asthmatic) mice that only received AA were in similar conditions to healthy untreated mice (negative control group). The OVA-AA-treated group showed more severe allergic asthma symptoms in comparison to the group only sensitized with OVA. Therefore, food/water contaminated with AA can act as a stimulant of allergic asthma and exacerbate the bronchial inflammatory responses.
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PMID:Oral Administration of Acrylamide Worsens the Inflammatory Responses in the Airways of Asthmatic Mice Through Agitation of Oxidative Stress in the Lungs. 3316 70