Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.2.1.7 (BAL)
 1,977 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The optimal reaction conditions and kinetic properties of eleven leukocyte acid hydrolases determined with the use of fluorigenic derivatives of 4-methyl-umbelliferone are described. The enzymes studied were acid phosphatase, aryl sulfatase, alpha- and beta-glucosidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase and alpha-fucosidase. More than 90% of the activity of each enzyme was released into a 27,000 X g supernatant by a double sonication procedure employing 0.9% sodium chloride and 0.1% Triton X-100. The Km values obtained were similar to those previously reported for chromogenic subtrates. A single Km value could not be derived for beta-galactosidase because its double reciprocal plot was not linear. All enzymes could be measured with less than 10 mug of protein within 15 min. Activators and inhibitors studied included the chloride salts of Na+, K+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Hg2+, and Fe2+ as well as p-chloromercuriphenysulfonate, glutathione, BAL, EDTA, EGTA, Triton X-100 and sodium taurocholate. The reaction conditions described in this report can be used for the diagnosis of various lysosomal storage diseases and should facilitate the development of automated procedures for the analysis of these eleven enzyme activities with small quantities of blood.
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PMID:Human leukocyte acid hydrolases: characterization of eleven lysosomal enzymes and study of reaction conditions for their automated analysis. 0 26

To study the significance of TRH in the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis measurement of TRH in body fluid are needed. We previously reported TRH radioimmunoassay for urine. TRH radioimmunoassay for serum has not established yet, because TRH immunoreactivity is inactivated with serum. We investigated effects of various factors on this inactivation and method for prevention of this inactivation. Synthetic TRH was added to normal human serum at 4 degrees C and incubated at 60 degrees C, 37 degrees C, 20 degrees C, 4 degrees C or -20 degrees C for various intervals. After incubation, recovery of TRH was measured. After one hour incubation, recovery of TRH was 9.2% at 37 degrees C, 34.5% at 20 degrees C, 100% at 4 degrees C or -20 degrees C. Incubation of TRH serum mixtures at 65 degrees C after incubation at 37 degrees C resulted in some recovery of TRH. After one hour incubation at 37 degrees C, recovery of TRH was 9.2% at serum pH 7.0, 100% at serum pH 3.0 to 5.0 or 11.0. Recovery of TRH was increased in accordance with stepwisely increase of serum dilution. Concentrations of serum thyroid hormone did not affect recovery of TRH. Smaller quantities of TRH were more rapidly inactivated. Inactivation of TRH immunoreactivity could be prevented addition of BAL (over 0.25 mg/ml) or mixture of 8-Hydroxyquinoline (HQ) and Tween 20(T) (over 0.1 mg/ml of HQ and 1 lmg/ml of T). Duration of effectiveness of BAL was short. Effectiveness of HQT continued for 12 weeks, if HQT treated serum was stored at -20 degrees C. From above data it was suggested that TRH immunoreactivity might be inactivated with enzyme system and other factors and TRH levels in the serum might be able to measure with addition of HQT to serum.
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PMID:[Studies of various factors in thyrotropoin releasing hromone TRH) radioimmunoassay for serum (author's transl)]. 0 43

The influence of pH and angiotensinase inhibitors on the in vitro generation of angiotensin I during PRA measurements has been investigated. PRA values obtained at pH 5.7 are higher than those obtained at pH 7.4. At pH 5.7, values obtained using diisopropylfluorophosphate (DRP 9 mM) as an angiotensinase inhibitor are higher than values obtained with a mixture of dimercaprol (BAL, 1.6 mM) and hydroxyquinoline (8-OHQ, 3 to 4 mM). Since the two methods for inhibiting angiotensinase are completely and equally efficient, it is suggested that these inhibitors might interfere with the renin angiotensinogen reaction. Significant correlations are observed between the PRA values obtained by the different methods which have been studied. Using an incubation pH of 5.7, and BAL and 8-OH quinoline as angiotensinase inhibitors, the distribution of PRA values in a population of 124 hospitalized hypertensive patients ingesting a normal sodium diet had been studied, and it has been demonstrated that the sensitivity of this method of measurement can detect small changes in PRA in patients with low renin activity.
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PMID:Methodologic problems in plasma renin activity measurements. 1 Jul 27

The hydrolysis of o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) by BAL-31, a marine Pseudomonas that acts as a host for bacteriophage PM2, was studied with intact cells and with cell-free extracts. A transport system for ONPG in whole cells and a beta-galactosidase activity in extracts were evident for cells grown on lactose minimal medium. It was found that the addition of isopropylthio-beta-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG) to cells growing in rich medium induced an ONPG hydrolytic activity detectable in cell extracts but cryptic in whole cells. The existence of a transport system for IPTG, which remained cryptic for ONPG, became apparent from studies of the rates of induction of beta-galactosidase as a function of cell mass at different concentrations of IPTG. The main properties of beta-galactosidase and the lactose transport system of BAL-31 were studied in terms of how they were affected by pH, temperature, or by the presence of several sugars. IPTG competitively inhibits the hydrolysis of ONPG by cell extracts. In cells pregrown on lactose, IPTG slightly inhibits the transport of ONPG. Glucose, and with less efficiency lactose, also inhibits the hydrolysis of ONPG in cell extracts. The growth of cells on lactose minimal medium was inhibited by the addition of IPTG. A mechanism for this inhibition and for the inhibition of ONPG transport by IPTG is discussed.
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PMID:Induction and general properties of beta-galactosidase and beta-galactoside permease in Pseudomonas BAL-31. 1 11

The authors showed that in rat liver and brain sections with blocked SH groups and split S-S bonds mercury orange stains some tissue structures after treating the sections with BAL. Considering that the blockade of SH groups with N-ethylmaleimide in is stable the authors set forth the hypothesis that the use of BAL may enable the demonstration of a sulphur-containing amino-acid which is devoid of SH or SS groups but acquires them only when acted upon by BAL. The in vitro studies demonstrated that the effect of BAL makes it possible to stain methionine with mercury orange which otherwise does not stain this amino-acid.
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PMID:Further studies on the possibility of differential demonstration of radicals of sulphur-containing amino-acids. 5 9

Dimercaprol (BAL) administered 1 hr before 111In-bleomycin in the normal BALB/c mouse produced an early preferential hepatic loading of 111In-bleomycin without a loading of the spleen, skin, bone, or muscle. Liver-to-muscle ratios were increased about threefold under the influence of BAL. Liver (c BAL)/liver (s BAL) ratios also increased threefold at 3 hr whereas relative muscle uptake remained at about unity. Indium-111 chloride (colloid, pH 6.5) used as a control did not show a similar increase. The findings suggest that the kinetics and distribution of 111In-bleomycin in the normal BALB/c mouse can be influenced by pretreatment with BAL.
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PMID:Influence of dimercaprol on the early hepatic uptake of 111In-bleomycin in the BALB/c mouse. 6 31

Form II PM2 DNA, which contained bleomycin-mediated single-strand breaks, was purified and treated with the extracellular endonuclease from Alteromonas BAL 31. This enzyme cleaves the phosphodiester backbone opposite a single-strand break to yield a double-strand break. The locations of these double-strand breaks were determined relative to the cleavage sites produced by the restriction enzyme HindIII. The experimental procedure was as follows. Form I PM2 DNA was treated with bleomycin to produce alkali-labile bonds. These were hydrolyzed by alkali treatment and the DNA, now containing single-strand breaks, was purified and treated with the BAL 31 enzyme and the HindIII enzyme to determine the positions of the original alkali-labile bonds. It was found that the single-strand breaks and alkali-labile bonds were introduced at preferred sites on the PM2 genome, since electrophoretic analyses of the DNA after the HindIII digestion revealed DNA bands of discrete sizes. The molecular weights of the DNA fragments produced by these treatments indicate that single-strand breaks and alkali-labile bonds occur at the same sites as those previously determined for direct double-strand scissions introduced by bleomycin at neutral pH. Some of the specific sites of double-strand scissions mediated by bleomycin at neutral pH (Lloyd et al., 1978b) are also shown here to be relatively more reactive than other sites when the DNA contains superhelical turns.
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PMID:Site specificity of bleomycin-mediated single-strand scissions and alkali-labile damage in duplex DNA. 9 64

The lipid-containing bacteriophage PM2 can produce infectious virus in cultures infected at temperatures up to 31.5 degrees C, but not at 34 degrees C. Its host, Pseudomonas BAL-31, grows at 34 degrees C and cultures infected at that temperature undergo lysis. Sucrose-gradient analysis shows that 34 degrees C lysates contain no PM2-like particles. Temperature-shift experiments establish that the thermally sensitive process is late in infection when virus assembly is taking place. Adamantanone, a small hydrophobic molecule that perturbs membrane hydrocarbon zones, prevents the production of infective virus. Concentrations which prevent virus production have no effect on host-cell growth or stability of mature virions. Adamantanone exerts its effects late in the infectious cycle, and lysates amde in its presence contain no PM2-like particles. These experiments, carried out at 25 degrees C, indicate that adamantanone prevents the assembly of stable PM2 virus. Spin-label studies suggest that the lipid alkyl chains of the host-cell membrane are in an "ordered" state at temperatures below about 33 degrees C and undergo a transition to a "disordered" state above that temperature. Furthermore, the addition of adamantanone perturbs the hydrocarbon zones, producing a greater degree of disorder even below 25 degrees C. Our findings suggest that the cell membrane can function and grow with the lipid alkyl chains in either the "ordered" or "disordered" state, but that the "ordered" state must be maintanined for PM2 assembly to occur.
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PMID:Effect of lipid alkyl chain perturbations on the assembly of bacteriophage PM2. 16 76

An unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph, strain UFA, isolated from the marine pseudomonad Pseudomonas BAL-31, host cell of the lipid-containing bacteriophage PM2, was grown in media supplemented with different unsaturated fatty acids. Under these conditions the fatty acid composition of the cell could be altered drastically. The phase transition in the native membrane and in the extracted lipids was analyzed by electron spin resonance using a nitroxide spin probe. Membranes prepared from strain UFA grown in cis16:1 or trans16:1 showed one transition at 9.4 degrees C and 12.4 degrees C respectively. Extracted lipids in both cases had almost the same transition temperature as that of the intact membrane. Membranes prepared from Pseudomonas BAL-31 had one transition at approximately 12 degrees C, on the other hand there was no clear cut phase transition using extracted lipids. Replication of bacteriophage PM2 took place below the transition temperature of the membrane lipids in the case where strain UFA was grown in tran16:1. Other cases were not studied.
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PMID:Phase transitions in the membrane of a marine bacterium, Pseudomonas BAL-31. 17 27

A case report is presented describing a worker who was splashed with arsenic acid in an industrial accident and subsequently developed symptoms of systemic arsenicalism and peripheral neuropathy. This is the only report, to the authors' knowledge, of a single episode of cutaneous absorption of arsenic resulting in peripheral neuropathy. Previous reports of arsenical neuropathy and rationale for BAL therapy early in the treatment of systemic arsenicalism are discussed.
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PMID:Arsenical neuropathy: residual effects following acute industrial exposure. 19 18


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