Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:6.2.1.7 (BAL)
 1,977 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A loop ligated at both sides was made in the ilecoecal portion of rabbit intestine. As2O3 solution was infused into this loop and the blood circulating around this loop was collected from the cannulated vein. As2O3 content absorbed in blood as well as that remaining in this loop were determined. In control rabbits on no drugs, approx. 30% of As2O3 infused was absorbed into the blood in 60 minutes. However, in rabbits on parenteral dimercaprol (BAL) or thioctic acid (TA), the content of As2O3 absorbed into the blood decreased remarkably while the content of As2O3 remaining in the loop increased. On the other hand, even when BAL or TA were added directly into thip loop containing As2O3, the content of As2O3 absorbed in blood decreased markedly, compared with that of the control group. Thus it was demonstrated that BAL or TA combined with AsO3(3-) after being excreted into the intestinal tract from the bile-duct, bringing about inhibition of the enteral absorption of As2O3.
Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 1975 Sep
PMID:[Metabolism of arsenic (15). Influence of arsenic antidotes on intestinal absorption of arsenic trioxide]. 110 20

The culture medium of Pseudomonas BAL 31 contains endonuclease activities which are highly specific for single-stranged DNA and for the single-stranded or weakly hydrogen-bonded regions in supercoiled closed circular DNA. Exposure of nicked DNA to the culture medium results in cleavage of the strang opposite the sites of preexisting single-strand scissions. At least some of the linear duplex molecules derived by cleavage of supercoiled closed circular molecules contain short single-stranded ends. Single-strand scissions are not introduced into intact, linear duplex DNA or unsupercoiled covalently closed circular DNA. Under these same reaction conditions, 0X174 phage DNA is extensively degraded and PM2 form I DNA is quantitatively converted to PM2 form III linear duplexes. Prolonged exposure of this linear duplex DNA to the concentrated culture medium reveals the presence of a double-strand exonuclease activity that progressively reduces the average length of the linear duplex. These nuclease activities persist at ionic strengths up to 4 M and are not eliminated in the presence of 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate. Calcium and magnesium ion are both required for optimal activity. Although the absence of magnesium ion reduces the activities, the absence of calcium ion irreversibly eliminates all the activities.
Nucleic Acids Res 1975 Sep
PMID:Extracellular nucleases of Pseudomonas BAL 31. I. Characterization of single strand-specific deoxyriboendonuclease and double-strand deoxyriboexonuclease activities. 117 26

Supplemental vitamin C in mineral salt mixtures is extracted without destruction by diluted ethanol under the reducing and stabilizing protection of 2,3-dimercaptopropanol-(1) (BAL). After removal of heavy metal ions in form of mercaptides and by means of cation exchange BAL is extracted and vitamin C (ascorbic plus dehydroascorbic acid) titrated with dichlorophenolindophenol. Recovery 98-100%.
Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 1975 Sep 29
PMID:[Quantitative determination of supplemental vitamin C in mineral salt mixtures (author's transl)]. 120 40

The movement of Co and the other components of the hard metal in the body fluids, their solubility, their links to the cells and proteins of the body, and their clearance are largely unknown. The first aim of this work is to evaluate whether Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA), a new analytical technique based on the radiochemical separation of samples irradiated in a Nuclear Reactor, may be suitable for studying the movement of elements in tissues or body fluids of workers over time. We have investigated seven hard metal workers, all employed in the grinding process, with NAA studies (single study in two, follow-up in five) of 29 elements on lung tissue, BAL fluid, blood, urine, pubic hair, toenails and sperm. In three, the diagnosis of hard metal pneumoconiosis was easy; in the other four, due to evident bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, it was difficult to distinguish between pneumoconiosis and sarcoidosis stage II, and the final diagnosis, after pulmonary biopsy, was hard metal pneumoconiosis in three, and sarcoidosis in one. In spite of high potential, NAA gives a number of unexpected results, with apparent controversies and no clear relationship in the evolution of levels of Co, W and Ta: there is no simple explanation for such apparent inconsistencies at present, so that the study of the movement of elements in body fluid sometimes appears disappointing with this technique. Other observations were noted from the data available: 1) the concentration of elements (Co, Ta, W) in lung tissue is far higher than in BAL fluid, but the factor is so variable that BAL fluid cannot be taken as representative of the concentration of elements in lung tissue. 2) High concentrations in tissues or body fluids are indicative for exposure, but not for disease. In the light of available data, there are no levels above which development of disease is inevitable. 3) When the problem is to distinguish between sarcoidosis and pneumoconiosis in exposed subjects, the concentration of elements is of no value, and the pulmonary biopsy is still necessary. However a NAA study may be helpful to confirm the presence of the offending agent, and to avoid pulmonary biopsy in cases where the occupational history is unclear.
Sarcoidosis 1992 Sep
PMID:Multi-element follow up in biological specimens of hard metal pneumoconiosis. 134 51

In recent years, with the aging of patients with pneumoconiosis, autoimmune diseases as a complication have been observed. One of the reasons for this may be that autoimmune diseases are prone to develop among the elderly. On the other hand, it has been reported that dust itself, such as silica for example, has adjuvant effect. A review of the recent literature published in Japan and abroad was made to clarify the relationship between pneumoconiosis and autoimmune diseases and the following results were obtained. 1) Disorders which accompany pneumoconiosis: Scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and disorders of the kidney and liver have been reported. In Japan, about 30 cases of pneumoconiosis accompanied with autoimmune diseases have been reported. In many of the reports, patients with pneumoconiosis and scleroderma have a past history of exposure to silica. In both case studies and case control studies, patients with rheumatoid arthritis and history of silica exposure are prone to develop pneumoconiosis. 2) Immunological studies of patients with pneumoconiosis: As for humoral immunity, elevation of polyclonal gamma-globulin, especially IgG, has been often reported together with high positive rate of autoantibodies such as antinuclear antibodies. In cellular immunity, decreased delayed type skin reaction and decreased CD4/8 ratio have been reported. In human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing the elevated frequency of DR4 has been reported. In the study of BAL increased production of superoxide anion O2- by alveolar macrophages has been observed. 3) EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES: Silica is well known for its toxicity to cells and also for its adjuvant effect. In the German Democratic Republic, patients with scleroderma and history of long term silica exposure are recognized as patients with occupational disease even though pneumoconiosis is not clearly demonstrated on X-ray film. It is difficult from this review to nrake a definite conclusion regarding the relation between silicosis and autoimmune diseases. There is a need to repeat this review of the literature on autoimmune diseases and pneumoconiosis in the near future.
Sangyo Igaku 1992 Sep
PMID:[Relationship between autoimmune diseases and pneumoconiosis]. 140 2

Forty-eight male asbestos workers were studied with clinical interrogation and examination, chest radiograph, lung function, body box studies, blood gases at rest and after exercise, BAL and in 40 cases by CT scan. Mean age was 40:1 (+/- 5.2) and work exposure 18.1 (+/- 4.0) years. There were 52% smokers. We found rales in 93%. Lung functions and clinical picture were not related to smoking (FEV1 was lower). There was evidence of airway obstruction by FEV1/FVC% (58% as below 80%), bronchodilator improvement (18% as over 10%), Raw (45% as over 2 cm H2O/l/sec) or RV/TLC% (39.5% as above 40%). Arterial pO2 decreased (over 2 mm) on exercise in 18%. By ILO classification chest radiographs were up to 1/1 in 10 (21%) and 2/2 or above in 19 (40%). Pleural abnormalities were seen by X-ray in 20 (42%) and by CT Scan in 26 (54%). The scan was abnormal in 92%. Lung function was not related to radiographic ILO grading but was lower with abnormal CT scan. BAL revealed normal (or low) cell counts, fewer macrophages (35%) and more polymorphs (23%) and lymphocytes (29%) over values for controls reported earlier (8); only 9 (19%) showed high cell counts. Asbestos body count was high (28.4) and was unrelated to other abnormalities. In some departments asbestos (respirable) fibre load was high (mean 0.61 to 3.12: maximum 0.84 to 6.78). It is concluded that in a proportion, early asbestosis can be diagnosed by CT scanning and high asbestos body count in BAL.
Sarcoidosis 1991 Sep
PMID:Evaluating computed tomography and broncho alveolar lavage in early diagnosis of pulmonary asbestosis. 166 75

A young man undergoing chemotherapy for Ewing's sarcoma presented with fever, neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and a new infiltrate on the chest roentgenogram. Routine cultures and cytopathologic examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid provided no evidence for an etiology; however, special cultures of the BAL fluid demonstrated heavy growth of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. We recommend that evaluation of pneumonia in the immuno-compromised host include appropriate cultures of BAL fluid for M pneumoniae, particularly when the patient is 5 to 25 years old, the age of high incidence of mycoplasmal pneumonia.
Chest 1991 Sep
PMID:Mycoplasma pneumoniae as the causative agent for pneumonia in the immunocompromised host. 139 98

The effect of two vicinal dithiols, 2,3-dimercaptopropan-1-ol (BAL) and N-(2,3-dimercaptopropyl)phthalamidic acid (DMPA), and a dithiocarbamate, sodium N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate (MeOBGDTC), on the biliary excretion of cadmium was examined in rats. Tissue cadmium levels were also determined following the measurements of biliary excretion of cadmium. At 30 min after the injection of CdCl2.2.5H2O (1 mg/kg, iv) each rat was given 400 mumol/kg ip of one of the compounds, BAL, DMPA or MeOBGDTC. While all the compounds increased the biliary excretion of cadmium, the most effective was MeOBGDTC, whose administration resulted in a 580% increase in biliary cadmium content. The effectiveness of the MeOBGDTC may be due to the presence of both nonpolar and nonionizing polar groups attached to nitrogen. MeOBGDTC was able to mobilize cadmium to the bile even after the occurrence of the synthesis of metallothionein and the incorporation of the cadmium into it. An attempt was also made to determine the chemical nature of the Cd-MeOBGDTC complex present in the bile by comparing a newly synthesized authentic sample of Cd(MeOBGDTC)2 complex with the hot dioxane extract of the freeze-dried bile samples using thin-layer chromatography and proton NMR. The results suggested that cadmium excreted in the bile in part, is complexed to MeOBGDTC and glutathione.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1991 Sep 01
PMID:A comparative study of the influence of vicinal dithiols and a dithiocarbamate on the biliary excretion of cadmium in rat. 189 71

Normal healthy volunteers underwent broncho-alveolar lavage and the cells obtained were cultured for 24 h and 48 h, either alone or in the presence of the corticosteroid, Budesonide. Cell differentials were all normal, the lavages containing greater than 90% alveolar macrophages. Cytospins of these cells were prepared before and after culture. The cytospins were subjected to immunocytochemical analysis using a panel of MoAbs selected to identify subsets of macrophages and functionally relevant surface antigens. In particular, the expression of RFD1 (antigen presenting cell marker) and RFD7 (mature phagocyte marker) were studied. Before culture, BAL macrophages could be divided into two subsets. Of the cells, 39.3% were RFD1+ and 47.2% were RFD7+. Culture with Budesonide was seen to reduce the proportions of RFD1+ cells to 38% while increasing the RFD7+ population to 69% of total. These changes were relatively specific as Budesonide failed to alter the expression of CD68 or Fc(IgG) receptors. Down-regulation of HLA-DR expression was seen, however, after 24 h contact with Budesonide. As these changes could have functional significance, these data support the hypothesis that steroids may have direct effects on the role of alveolar macrophages in immune responses in the lung.
Clin Exp Immunol 1991 Sep
PMID:Corticosteroid can alter antigen expression on alveolar macrophages. 189 36

To diagnose cytomegalovirus pneumonia in a hetergeneous population of patients, three methods for detection of CMV in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens were compared as follow: (1) spin amplification followed by staining with a monoclonal antibody to the early nuclear antigen (EA-assay); (2) conventional tissue cell culture; and (3) cytology. Cell differentials were performed on most specimens. Cytomegalovirus was detected by one or more method in 55 BAL specimens from 39 patients. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia was diagnosed by lung tissue (primarily autopsy) histologic findings and conventional culture results or the presence of CMV in extrapulmonary tissue, fulfillment of specific clinical and radiographic criteria plus failure to recover a pathogen other than CMV from a respiratory specimen. Probable CMV pneumonia was diagnosed if only the latter two criteria were met. The EA-assay was positive in all patients with proven or probable CMV pneumonia and in 92 percent of those without documented pneumonia. Cytologic findings were positive only in patients with CMV pneumonia but were negative in one-third of those patients. As a diagnostic test for CMV pneumonia, the EA-assay, conventional culture, and cytology had positive predictive values of 45, 57, and 100 percent, respectively. Lymphocyte percentages in BAL specimens from patients with CMV pneumonia were significantly decreased compared with those of patients without CMV pneumonia (p less than 0.005). Although the EA-assay should not be used alone as a diagnostic test for CMV pneumonia in our patient population, the combination of alveolar lymphopenia and a positive BAL CMV EA-assay was highly suggestive of disease.
Chest 1990 Sep
PMID:Detection of cytomegalovirus in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. Spin amplification and staining with a monoclonal antibody to the early nuclear antigen for diagnosis of cytomegalovirus pneumonia. 216 9


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