Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:6.2.1.7 (BAL)
 1,977 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Therapy of acute heavy metal poisoning is currently limited to a group of moderately toxic drugs containing sulfhydryl groups. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) was used in these studies to determine if this sulfhydryl containing amino acid would reduce the overall mortality of a group of heavy metal compounds. D-Penicillamine and dimercaprol (BAL) were also used for comparison. Groups of at least 100 mice (28 g) were injected subcutaneously with 2-190 mg/kg of copper, arsenic, thallium or cadmium for LD50 determinations. Other groups were injected 30-60 min later with NAC (200 mg/kg), d-penicillamine (50 mg/kg), or BAL (10 mg/kg), and mortality was monitored for 2 weeks. The LD50 for each treatment group was determined by regression analysis of log-probit transformed data. In arsenite treatment group the survival time was lengthened in NAC-treated animals although the LD50 was not significantly changed. BAL was only slightly more effective than NAC. The mortality in animals given copper and treated with NAC was almost eliminated, except at the highest doses. BAL provided the greatest protection, whereas d-penicillamine produced the least. The LD50 of copper was significantly changed from 60.5 mg/kg in control groups to 139 mg/kg in NAC-treated groups, and to 150 mg/kg and 91 mg/kg in BAL and d-penicillamine-treated groups. NAC and BAL were totally ineffective in the treatment of thallium and cadmium poisoning.
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PMID:N-Acetylcysteine therapy of acute heavy metal poisoning in mice. 408 67

The unicellular alga Poterioochromonas malhamensis was exposed to 12.5 microM of inorganic or triethyl lead and simultaneously treated with lead antidotes and related agents at concentrations of 12.5, 31.25 and 62.5 microM. With increasing concentrations some of the antidotes alone slightly to severely inhibited algal growth (BAL, CaNa2EDTA, EDTA, Na2EDTA), whereas others (DPA, EGTA, DIZO) were non-toxic at the concentrations tested. EGTA and CaNa2EDTA, at all concentrations tested, completely suppressed the growth inhibition caused by inorganic lead; Na2EDTA and EDTA were protective at the lower or medium concentrations, but DIZO, DPA and BAL considerably enhanced lead toxicity with increasing concentrations. None of the tested agents was able to reduce the toxic effects of triethyl lead. All antidotes markedly increased inhibition of algal growth caused by triethyl lead and some were even lethal to the poisoned algae either at the highest (Na2EDTA, EDTA, DPA) or at all concentrations used (DIZO, BAL). P. malhamensis proved to be a highly sensitive and valuable tests system and the results obtained exhibited striking parallels to medical and clinical experience in therapy of human poisoning with inorganic and organic lead compounds.
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PMID:On the toxic effects of tetraethyl lead and its derivatives on the chrysophyte Poterioochromonas malhamensis. IV. Influence of lead antidotes and related agents. 641 29

In the present review we provide an update of the appropriate use of chelating agents in the treatment of intoxications with compounds of mercury, lead and copper. The relatively new chelators meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and 2,3-dimercapto-propanesulphonate (DMPS) can effectively mobilize deposits of mercury as well as of lead into the urine. These drugs can be administered orally and have relatively low toxicity compared to the classical antidote dimercaptopropanol (BAL). d-Penicillamine has been widely used in copper overload, although 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid or tetrathiomolybdate may be more suitable alternatives today. In copper-toxicity, a free radical scavenger might be recommended as adjuvant to the chelator therapy.
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PMID:Chelation therapy in intoxications with mercury, lead and copper. 2489 43