Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:6.2.1.7 (BAL)
 1,977 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an inflammatory lung disease characterized by the accumulation of inflammatory cells and deposition of collagen, resulting in lung remodelling. High numbers of T cells are present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of IPF patients, although the characteristics of these cells are yet to be determined. To elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of IPF, we analysed the T cell receptor (TCR) of BALF lymphocytes in three patients with IPF and three healthy subjects as control. TCR repertoire of BALF lymphocytes and T cell clonality were examined by family PCR and Southern blot analysis, and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), respectively. We observed that the TCR repertoire in the lung was heterogeneous, both in the control subjects and three patients with IPF. SSCP analysis demonstrated an increase in the number of accumulated T cell clones in BALF of two of the three patients, but not in the healthy subject. Furthermore, junctional sequence analysis showed the presence of conserved amino acid motifs (ETGRSG, LAxG, QGQ, GxQP, GRxG, VAR, PGT, GTI, GGT, TGR, LxLxQ, SGQ) in the TCR-CDR 3 region of BAL lymphocytes in patients with IPF, whereas only two amino acid motifs (VTTG, GGE) were found in the control. Our findings suggest that T cells in BALF of patients with IPF expand oligoclonally in the lung, suggesting antigen stimulation of these cells.
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PMID:Conserved CDR 3 region of T cell receptor BV gene in lymphocytes from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. 1210 34

In many cases, development of insulin resistance has been linked to obesity and may contribute to mechanism of aging. The role of diet, irrespective of degree of obesity, in modulating insulin resistance and development of age degeneration disease remains uncertain. Lowered blood glucose levels are commonly associated with diet restriction (DR), which is an intervention shown to successfully retard aging and age associated disease. The effects of DR on blood glucose and insulin resistance were measured in yellow obese (A(vy)/A), lean black (a/a) mice and in another common inbred strain (B6C3F1) (at three different ages). The yellow obese mice become diabetic as a result of an insulin receptor defect which is not clearly understood. Insulin responses and radioinsulin binding were assayed in yellow obese and lean black mice fed either ad libitum (AL) or DR diets (YAL, BAL, YDR and YAL, respectively) at four different circadian intervals. The B6C3F1 controls were fed either AL (CAL) or DR (CDR) and measures were made at six circadian stages and three different ages. Within 23 days, DR produced a significant loss in body weight and a time-dependent 22-55% reduction in basal blood glucose levels in the yellow obese mice. Additionally, exogenous insulin produced circadian stage dependent (at the time of food intake) reductions in blood glucose in the YDR animals that were not present in YAL animals. (125)I-Insulin binding in liver was increased nearly 2-fold in YDR and BDR mice during the time of day that animals were active and eating. (125)I-Insulin binding was two-fold-higher in CDR mice at 4, 12 and >24 months of age. Binding decreased as a function of age in both the CAL and CDR animals. However, even in the >24 month group the CDR animals were found to have levels of binding that were as high as those found in younger CAL liver. The mechanism of action appears to be through resolution of insulin resistance by modulating an insulin receptor defect.
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PMID:Effects of dietary restriction on insulin resistance in obese mice. 2360 43