Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:6.2.1.7 (BAL)
 1,977 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The optimal reaction conditions and kinetic properties of eleven leukocyte acid hydrolases determined with the use of fluorigenic derivatives of 4-methyl-umbelliferone are described. The enzymes studied were acid phosphatase, aryl sulfatase, alpha- and beta-glucosidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase and alpha-fucosidase. More than 90% of the activity of each enzyme was released into a 27,000 X g supernatant by a double sonication procedure employing 0.9% sodium chloride and 0.1% Triton X-100. The Km values obtained were similar to those previously reported for chromogenic subtrates. A single Km value could not be derived for beta-galactosidase because its double reciprocal plot was not linear. All enzymes could be measured with less than 10 mug of protein within 15 min. Activators and inhibitors studied included the chloride salts of Na+, K+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Hg2+, and Fe2+ as well as p-chloromercuriphenysulfonate, glutathione, BAL, EDTA, EGTA, Triton X-100 and sodium taurocholate. The reaction conditions described in this report can be used for the diagnosis of various lysosomal storage diseases and should facilitate the development of automated procedures for the analysis of these eleven enzyme activities with small quantities of blood.
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PMID:Human leukocyte acid hydrolases: characterization of eleven lysosomal enzymes and study of reaction conditions for their automated analysis. 0 26

Sarcoid granulomata result from aberrant immunological reactions initiated by antigen--presenting macrophage--like cells, and maintained by other effector macrophages. These macrophages can be distinguished phenotypically by monoclonal antibodies RFD1 and RFD7 (which recognize dendritic cells and mature macrophages respectively). Active sarcoid BAL contains a high proportion of RFD1 + cells (mean 44.7% compared to 12% in normals). Much of this increase is accounted for by the emergence of macrophages with the double phenotype RFD1 + D7 + (27.2% compared to 7% in normals), the proportion of which increases with disease severity and returns to normal in remission. When isolated from BAL by using plastic plate adherence and metrizamide density gradient, this hitherto unknown RFD1 + D7 + subset displays distinctive phenotypic, physiological and functional features. Unlike RFD1 + D7-cells, RFD1 + D7 + macrophages adhere to plastic, are acid phosphatase positive with increased phagocytosis, have marked Fc and c3b receptor expression, and suppress T-lymphocyte reactivity. In active sarcoidosis, this suppressive action is accentuated, and a greater proportion of RFD1 + D7 + cells express Fc receptors as well as a separate antigen RFD9 (which identifies epithelioid cells). Furthermore we have observed that gamma-interferon, produced in high concentration by activated T-lymphocytes induces not only HLA-DR molecules on cells, but has also been shown in vitro to increase the proportion of RFD1 + cells developing while suppressing RFD7 expression. It therefore seems that the increased proportion of RFD1 + D7 + macrophages seen in active sarcoidosis could arise as a result of an increased induction of RFD1 expression on macrophages which express RFD7.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The macrophage in sarcoid granuloma formation. 262 71

The BAL technique was used to assess the pulmonary injury of coal dust and rock dust in Huai-Nan coal mine in Anhui Province. Dust suspended in saline and dust-free supernatant were instilled intratracheally to Wistar rats and Syrian hamsters. Saline was used in treating controls. The animals were sacrificed 24 h after treatment, their lungs were lavaged, and pulmonary damage was evaluated by cellular and biochemical assays of lavage fluid. Pulmonary injury was expressed by the cell toxicity index (CTI). CTI is the product of the number of times of meaningful parameters for treated groups compared to controls (LDH, acid phosphatase, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils in this case). The CTI values were found to be 5.19, 2.28, and 5.15 for rock dust, coal dust, and Shanghai suspended particulates, respectively. The toxicity of rock dust is higher than that of coal dust, but is similar to that of Shanghai suspended particulates. The cell toxicity of dust suspension solution is higher than that of dust-free supernatant. CTI can be used as an indicator of the relative toxicity of respirable dusts in in vivo studies.
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PMID:Pulmonary injury in laboratory animals induced by Huai-Nan coal mine respirable dust. 327 May 14

The protease-antiprotease balance and concentration of immunoglobulin was evaluated in some respiratory tract diseases. Analysis was carried out on 24 patients with atopic bronchial asthma, 21 with chronic bronchitis, 27 with bronchiectasis and 18 healthy smokers volunteers. In examination of BAL fluid some selective changes of proteolytic enzymes activities and concentrations of their natural inhibitors were documented. In atopic bronchial asthma the increased activity of acid protease, acid phosphatase and concentration of alpha-2-macroglobulin was the most characteristic. In chronic bronchitis there was an increase of acid protease, alkaline phosphatase and concentration of alpha-1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, but in bronchiectasis the increase of neutral and acid proteases activities and concentration of all examined natural inhibitors was noted. The changes in concentration of IgA and IgG confirmed their participation in local defense response. All examined BAL enzyme activities and concentrations of inhibitors and immunoglobulins were compared with the results of the parameters in serum, mentioned above. The obtained finding supports the suggestion that the proteolytic enzymes, their natural inhibitors and immunoglobulins play an important role in the respiratory tract pathology. Immunobiochemical analysis of BAL in atopic bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis may be useful for clinical prognosis and pharmacological treatment.
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PMID:Immunobiochemical evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in atopic bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis. 331 50

Epidemiological studies of workers in weaving units in carpet industries have shown relationships between the airborne dust concentrations and pulmonary ill health. Therefore, to predict the health risk of carpet weavers, this preliminary experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of carpet dust (knotted, tufted) on cellular and biochemical mediators considered as potential biological markers of lung injury. Lung cytoplasmic (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH), lysosomal (acid phosphatase, ACP), type II (alkaline phoshatase, ALP) and Clara-cell marker enzymes (gamma-glutamyl transferase, GGT) were monitored in rat cell-free lung lavage (BAL) during postexposure days 1, 4, 8, and 16. Furthermore, lung microsomal cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) and Clara-cell secretory protein (CC16) content in BAL was also evaluated. These pulmonary marker enzymes were significantly elevated during the postexposure period over the respective untreated control; however, tufted carpet dust shows more responses than knotted carpet dust. Lung CYP450 content was reduced significantly at early days; the pattern shows the reoccurrence of CYP450 content in the later stage of postexposure to carpet dust. Clara-cell secretory protein in BAL shows decline in the carpet-treated group; however, tufted carpet shows more decline than knotted carpet. Thus, reduction in CC16 level may have important implication in the development of chronic lung inflammation and diseases. Present investigation found that modulation of these cellular marker enzymes is clear evidence of pulmonary damage caused by exposure to carpet dust.
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PMID:Alteration in cellular and biochemical markers of pulmonary toxicity in rat lung exposed to carpet dusts. 1295 17