Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.2.1.7 (BAL)
 1,977 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alveolar macrophages obtained from 28 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis were investigated to determine their ability spontaneously to release interleukin 1. In 14 of these patients, a significant spontaneous liberation of interleukin 1 was observed; the BAL parameters of these patients pointed to an elevated activity of the disease.
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PMID:[Interleukin 1 secretion from alveolar macrophages in pulmonary sarcoidosis]. 236 68

In order to answer the question whether in sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis there is a relationship between the activity of alveolitis (T4/T8 ratio in sarcoidosis, number of granulocytes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) and the activity of connective tissue formation (type III procollagen peptide in the BAL fluid) BAL was performed in 12 healthy subjects, 33 patients with type II sarcoidosis, and 26 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In the unconcentrated BAL fluid of the healthy subjects, P3P was not measurable. On the basis of the T4/T8 ratio and P3P in type II sarcoidosis, three groups of patients with possibly different risks of progression were found: 1) T4/T8 normal and P3P not or only mildly elevated, 2) T4/T8 elevated and P3P normal or only mildly elevated, 3) T4/T8 elevated and P3P greatly increased. In patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the concentration of P3P correlated significantly with the number of granulocytes and the clinical activity parameters. On the basis of these results, we conclude that P3P levels in the BAL fluid, as a direct measure of connective tissue neogenesis, may be a valuable addition to cellular and immunocytological BAL findings.
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PMID:[Procollagen-III-peptide in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as an index of fibrosis in sarcoidosis and idiopathic lung fibrosis?]. 236 69

For this study, the results of 487 BAL investigations involving 126 patients with sarcoidosis, 34 patients with exogenous-allergic alveolitis, 18 subjects with healthy lungs, and 309 patients with other pulmonary disorders, were analysed. The diagnoses had been established independently of the BAL results. After elimination of interdependent variables, the discriminatory usefulness of the BAL parameters: total number of cells, relative percentage of lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and T4/T8 ratio, was analysed with the aid of ROC curves and the Wilcoxon test. The ROC curves permit a rapid overview of the differential significance of the various BAL variables, and identify the relationship between sensitivity and specificity.
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PMID:[Discriminatory value of bronchoalveolar lavage parameters in differential diagnosis--exogenous allergic alveolitis, sarcoidosis and patients with healthy lungs]. 236 70

In 27 patients with roentgenologically suspected interstitial pulmonary disease, bronchoscopy was carried out with the rigid bronchoscope. The examination material obtained (BAL fluid, transbronchial lung biopsy, perbronchial lymph node biopsy, mucosal biopsy) was submitted to a histological and cytological work-up. The established cell distribution in the BAL fluid confirmed the findings reported in the literature. In sarcoidosis, irrespective of the roentgenological stage, a 30 to 35% lymphocytosis was observed. The combination of BAL, perbronchial lymph node biopsy, transbronchial lung biopsy and bronchial mucosal biopsy permitted confirmation of the sarcoidosis in more than 90% of the cases. The -hit rate- of the perbronchial lymph node biopsy was 90.6% in stage 1, 85% in stage 2, and 77% in stage 3.
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PMID:[Value of bronchoalveolar lavage and findings of cytologic studies in the diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases]. 236 97

The results of a preliminary analysis on the role of lymphocyte count on prognosis of therapy outcome and influencing the decision to start therapy carried out on 21 patients with sarcoidosis are presented. The decision to commence treatment was carried out after BAL was performed but the results of it were not taken in account. The patients were observed for 7 to 33 months. The course of the disease was assessed basing on clinical, radiological and functional examination. In 6 patients a control BAL was carried out. The results allow to state that high lymphocyte BAL counts do not have to be poor prognostic factors. On the other hand low counts cannot predict a benign clinical course. In the discussion the authors evaluate, basing on literature data, the role of BAL in sarcoidosis.
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PMID:[The role of BAL in the process of decision making with regard to the treatment of sarcoidosis]. 239 80

Cytological examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was carried out in 48 patients with diffuse interstitial lung diseases based on chest roentgenography. 7 cases manifested with respiratory symptoms but without any abnormality on both chest roentgenogram and fibroptic bronchoscopy served as controls. The total cell counts of BALF in the study group were all higher than those of the control group (3.1 x 10(5)/ml) and the differential count of the cells showed that neutrophilic granulocytes was found in patients with fibrosing alveolitis, Neutrophilic granulocytes accounted for 21.3 +/- 2.4% of all the cells and the percentage was significantly higher than that of the control group (1.8 +/- 0.5% P less than 0.01). On the contrary, lymphocytosis was found in patients with allergic alveolitis and sarcoidosis; lymphocytes accounted for 30.8 +/- 5.3% and 29.0 +/- 1.1% of all the cells in these two diseases respectively and the percentage was also higher than that of the control group (3.0 +/- 0.6% P less than 0.01). However, the differential cell count of BALF in alveolar carcinoma showed no significant difference with that of the control group (P greater than 0.05). The factors influencing the quality control of both BAL and cytological examination were evaluated and the clinical significance of these results was discussed.
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PMID:[Cytological examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and its clinical significance in patients with diffuse interstitial lung diseases]. 240 Nov 65

The levels of immunoglobulins and other proteins (alpha 2-MG, alpha 1-AT, C3, albumin, transferrin and lactoferrin) were studied in the BAL of 60 patients with different types of pulmonary tuberculosis, 4 patients with sarcoidosis and 7 CNPD patients. The level of most proteins in BAL of the examinees was higher than that reported for healthy subjects. The highest protein levels were noted in CNPD and sarcoidosis patients. The diagnostic importance of the level of alpha 2-MG was established for sarcoidosis. 27 paired BAL-serum specimens from the same patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were investigated for analysis of the mechanisms of protein appearance in BAL. The protein/albumin ratio for most proteins was higher in BAL than in the respective serum. A relatively high level of proteins in the patients' BAL was probably determined by the activation of their local synthesis.
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PMID:[Determination of the concentration of immunoglobulins and other proteins in bronchoalveolar fluid of patients with various types of pulmonary pathology]. 245 61

Phenotypic analysis of helper CD4+TQ1- cell population, the major helper T-cell subset for B-cell responses, was carried out in BAL fluid of sarcoidosis patients. Most of the BAL CD4+ cells lacked TQ1 membrane antigen. A correlation between the number of helper CD4+TQ1- cells and IgM and IgA levels was observed in 27 sarcoidosis patients' BAL. A role of CD4+TQ1- cells in modulating lung B-cell immunoglobulin secretion in sarcoidosis was confirmed by the fact that BAL IgG level and helper T-cell number correlated well in patients with low-intensity alveolitis. Results showed an inverse correlation between symptom duration and BAL IgM levels and CD4+TQ1- cell number. The number of helper cells was above normal in patients who had symptoms for less than 12 months and within normal range in those who had symptoms for more than that. The pathogenic and clinical relevance of these data is discussed.
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PMID:Helper inducer T cells in the lungs of sarcoidosis patients. Analysis of their pathogenic and clinical significance. 253 97

We used the ILO classification for occupational lung disease to determine whether there was any correlation between the type and/or severity of pulmonary infiltration on chest roentgenograms and either pulmonary function tests or the types of inflammatory cells present in BAL fluid in patients with interstitial lung disease. Of the 62 patients evaluated (27 with sarcoidosis, 18 with IPF, and 17 with a CV disease and lung involvement), 49 had irregular linear opacities and 13 had normal chest x-rays. There were no significant correlations between the types of cells present in BAL fluid and the various categories of infiltrate or profusion of the infiltrates within each disease group. In patients with sarcoidosis, more extensive infiltration (profusion) was associated with lower FEV, (p less than 0.01). In patients with IPE, linear opacity type, profusion, and the presence or absence of honeycombing were not related to the severity of pulmonary function abnormalities. We conclude that the ILO classification for analysis of chest roentgenograms can be applied to patients with interstitial lung disease not associated with an occupational exposure and that this approach is useful, especially for communication. However, these data provide no information regarding the inflammatory process in the lung and limited information regarding abnormalities in pulmonary function.
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PMID:Correlation of chest roentgenograms with pulmonary function and bronchoalveolar lavage in interstitial lung disease. 258 24

Diagnostic usefulness of BAL was assessed in 25 selected cases of interstitial lung diseases. There were 14 cases of allergic alveolitis, 6 cases of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and one case each of sarcoidosis, lymphangiomyomatosis, granulomotosis bronchocentrica, lymphogranulomatosis maligna, alveolitis of unknown etiology. BAL was assessed diagnostically usefull in 77% of the cases. More helpful was medical history which proved to be useful in all cases, and pulmonary function tests which were helpful in 84%. Lung biopsy was diagnostic in 66.6% of the cases, TBLB in 36.5%, while open lung biopsy carried out in 6 patients was diagnostic in 100%. Bronchoalveolar lavage is a useful element of diagnostic evaluation in patients with interstitial lung disorders, it is a safe method and well tolerated by the patients.
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PMID:[Preliminary evaluation of the diagnostic usefulness of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in selected cases of interstitial lung diseases]. 258 2


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