Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:6.2.1.7 (BAL)
 1,977 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alcoholic individuals are predisposed to respiratory infections. However, mechanisms of perturbations leading to increased susceptibility to lung infections of individuals with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) are not fully understood. We studied the antibacterial activity and oxidant generation (before and after stimulation by phorbol myristate acetate or opsonized zymosan) of alveolar macrophages from 16 patients with ALC. Our results were compared with those obtained from 12 healthy control subjects, from 8 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and from 8 alcoholic individuals without cirrhosis. All were nonsmokers, had normal chest X-rays, and did not present evidence of lung infection 3 months before. The total number of cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage did not significantly differ between control subjects and patients. The cellular viability of alveolar macrophages (trypan blue exclusion) was greater than 90% in all cases. The antibacterial activity of alveolar macrophages versus Staphylococcus aureus was severely impaired in ALC (-21 +/- 8.2%) whereas it was normal in PBC (52 +/- 4.2%), in alcoholic subjects (44.6 +/- 5.4%), and in control subjects (60 +/- 5.5%). The same pattern of results was observed versus Escherichia coli (-47.7 +/- 10,28 +/- 8,28 +/- 12, and 29 +/- 8.5%, respectively). Previous incubation of normal alveolar macrophages with serum or BAL fluid from ALC patients or with normal serum or normal BAL fluid did not result in a significant decrease in antibacterial activity of normal alveolar macrophages. To distinguish ingested bacteria from adherent extracellular bacteria, cells that had been incubated with bacteria for 90 min were then incubated with lysostaphin (1 microgram/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Human alveolar macrophage antibacterial activity in the alcoholic lung. 165 Jan 54

To determine whether a subclinical inflammatory alveolitis is associated with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), we compared the numbers and types of cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage from 12 patients with PBC, ten healthy control subjects, and nine patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (AC). All were free of clinical pulmonary symptoms and had normal findings on chest roentgenograms. Total BAL cell count did not differ among patients with PBC (mean 9.6 X 10(4) cells/ml), patients with AC (mean 14.8 X 10(4) cells/ml), and control subjects (mean 9.9 X 10(4) cells/ml). Patients with PBC but not patients with AC had an increased proportion of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (respectively 22.4 percent +/- 5.2 and 11.6 percent +/- 2.52 compared with the normal value of 9.9 percent +/- 1.5 p less than 0.05). In the same way, alveolar lymphocytosis of the lower respiratory tract from PBC patients predominantly comprised T4+ (helper/inducer) T-lymphocyte subset in patients showing an increased alveolar lymphocytosis. Alveolar macrophages from PBC patients showed a dramatic increased chemiluminescence response before and after stimulation by phorbol-myristate-acetate, regardless of the intensity of alveolar lymphocytosis. Thus, our data demonstrated that subclinical alveolar inflammation comprising T-lymphocytes and activated alveolar macrophages mimicking sarcoid alveolitis is present in a high proportion of patients with PBC.
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PMID:Primary biliary cirrhosis. Subclinical inflammatory alveolitis in patients with normal chest roentgenograms. 349 Sep 57