Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.2.1.7 (BAL)
 1,977 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with farmer's lung were classified into five groups according to their chest X-ray pattern, and the background of each group was studied with respect to stage, severity, and prognosis. Type I group, which has fine nodular shadows on chest X-ray, showed a significantly high percentage of lymphocytes in BAL cells (p less than 0.01). Type V group, which has irregular patchy shadows on chest X-ray, showed increased peripheral WBC counts, increased CRP score, and decreased PaO2 compared to the other groups. Type II, III, and IV groups, which are characterized by combined X-ray patterns such as nodular shadows, ring-like shadows, and irregular pulmonary markings, had no specific background features according to our study. Our results suggest that type I and type V groups are likely to represent acute phase and severe phase, respectively. We could not identify any significant factors indicative of chronic disease in terms of restrictive and diffusion impairment of pulmonary function tests and pathologic findings obtained by TBLB. The chest X-ray classification we proposed is useful for the diagnosis of the acute and severe stages of farmer's lung.
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PMID:[A study of chest X-ray classification of farmer's lung--correlation between X-ray pattern and background factors]. 140 70

Bronchial asthma is a chronic disease of the respiratory tract. Search for alternative to presently used therapies seems to be the way to obtain a better control of asthma. Heparin is an acidic mucopolysaccharide and in the past years there has been a number of reports on the role of heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in chronic inflammatory disorders of the respiratory tract. Our aim was to estimate the effect of long-time LMWH nebulization on selected parameters in asthmatic patients. Twenty-four patients entered the study. All of them were subjected to bronchoscopy with BAL, in 8 patients this procedure was performed twice: before and after heparin treatment. After 14 days of treatment we observed an increase in FEV1 (from 73.93 +/- 14.14% (in % of nominal value) to 89.62 +/- 10.08% (p = 0.0049). Additionally we noted a decrease in the percentage of eosinophils and lymphocytes in BAL sediments, from 4.86 +/- 3.48% to 1.25 +/- 2.76%; p = 0.0006 and from 5.39 +/- 2.25% to 2.94 +/- 1.23%; p = 0.0209, respectively. This changes were paralleled by a drop of EG2 in BAL supernatant from 1.00 +/- 0.99 to 0.13 +/- 0.35, p = 0.0256. In blood serum level of histamine 0.74 +/- 0.77 to 0.1 +/- 0.22; p = 0.0493. We did not observe significant changes in IL-5, sVCAM-1 or ECP concentrations in serum. Also different LMWH dosing (5-10 kUIC anti-Xa b.i.d.) did not produce any dose-response effect. We conclude, that LMWH in nebulization can be a valuable add-on treatment in bronchial asthma, and its most likely mechanisms of action are: prevention of mast cell degranulation (histamine decrease), decreased eosinophil activation (lower EG2), and modification of inflammatory cells influx (decreased percentages of eosinophils and lymphocytes in BAL).
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PMID:[Mechanisms of action of nebulized low molecular weights heparin in patients with bronchial asthma]. 1505 58

Bronchiolitis obliterans (BOS - bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome - clinical diagnosis; CBO-histopathologic diagnosis), is a chronic disease process of fibrosis and cellular deposition in airways, complicating long term survival following lung transplantation. BOS is also the result of sporadic toxicant exposure, with airway signs, symptoms, and histology indistinguishable from allograft rejection. This study establishes a transplant BOS model in MHC-mismatched rats and compares their cytokine profiles and histopathology to that of our established toxicant-induced BOS model. Both models result in lung histopathology similar to human disease. Cytokines and inflammation markers that are elevated in human transplant BOS (TGFbeta, iNOS, IFNgamma) were also elevated significantly in both models. Anti-nuclear antibody was absent from all sera in transplant or toxicant models exhibiting advanced airway pathology. The cytokine osteopontin was highly elevated in BAL early in toxicant-induced BOS, but increased late in the transplant-induced BOS model. The data show that BOS is a disease of a pathologic endpoint that is induced by different triggers and processes. The highly elevated BAL osteopontin early in the toxicant-induced BOS model suggests a need for evaluation in the diagnostic setting.
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PMID:Transplant-related bronchiolitis obliterans (BOS) demonstrates unique cytokine profiles compared to toxicant-induced BOS. 1622 52

Respiratory Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) infection is involved in several acute and chronic lung diseases including community-acquired pneumonia, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In the chronic disease process, recurrent respiratory bacterial infections could occur, which may result in varying degrees of symptoms and lung inflammation among patients. However, the lung immunologic differences of host responses to repeated bacterial (i.e., Mp) infections remain to be determined. In the present study, we examined cellular and humoral responses to multiple (up to 3) Mp infections in two genetically different strains of mice (BALB/c and C57BL/6). Mice were intranasally inoculated with one Mp infection, two or three Mp infections (4 weeks apart), and sacrificed on days 3, 7 and 14 after the last Mp infection. Overall, compared to C57BL/6 mice, BALB/c mice demonstrated a significantly higher degree of lung tissue inflammatory cell infiltrate, BAL cellularity, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC, a mouse homolog of human chemokine Gro-alpha [CXCL1], and IFN-gamma). In addition, BALB/c mice presented higher levels of serum Mp-specific IgG and IgM, but not IgA. Consistently with lung and serum data, Mp load in BAL and lung specimens was significantly higher in BALB/c mice than C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, repeated Mp infections in BALB/c, but not C57BL/6 mice, produced a greater inflammatory response than did a single Mp infection. Our results suggest that hosts with different genetic background may have different susceptibility to repeated respiratory Mp infections along with inflammatory responses.
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PMID:Repeated respiratory Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in mice: effect of host genetic background. 1671 27