Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:6.2.1.7 (BAL)
 1,977 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aspergillosis is an infrequent but commonly fatal infection among HIV-infected individuals. We review 342 cases of pulmonary Aspergillus infection that have been reported among HIV-infected patients, with a focus on invasive disease. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis usually occurs among patients with <50 CD4 cells/mm3. Major predisposing conditions include neutropenia and steroid treatment. Fever, cough, and dyspnea are each present in >60% of the cases. BAL is often suggestive, but biopsy specimens are necessary for definite diagnosis. Amphotericin B is the mainstay of treatment and mortality is > 80%. Avoiding neutropenia and judicious use of steroids may be helpful in prevention. Aggressive diagnostic approach, early initiation of treatment, adequate dosing of antifungals, and close follow-up may improve the currently dismal prognosis.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary aspergillosis and invasive disease in AIDS: review of 342 cases. 967 77

Respiratory viral infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality in children with SCID and other primary immunodeficiencies who require BMT. Twenty-two of 73 (30%) such children were admitted with respiratory viral infections, of whom 13/22 (59%) died. All viruses were detected in nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA). Virus was only found in BAL in those with LRTI. Eleven of 22 (50%) had paramyxovirus infections, all with severe viral pneumonitis which worsened post BMT. Five of 11 (45.5%) survived overall. All 11 received aerosolised ribavirin; five of 11 received additional inhaled immunoglobulin and corticosteroid. Three of 5 (60%) survived compared with two of six (33.3%) not thus treated. Three of 22 (13.6%) had adenoviruses; one died of disseminated disease, including pneumonia despite intravenous ribavirin. Eleven patients had rhinovirus detected; nine of 11 (82%) were asymptomatic or coryzal and survived. Two patients with additional severe lung pathologies had LRT rhinovirus and died. All patients received intravenous immunoglobulin. No treatments resulted in viral clearance without successful T cell engraftment. Respiratory viruses, particularly paramyxoviruses and adenoviruses are common, significant pathogens in these patients, significantly worsening outcome of BMT. NPA is an ideal specimen for diagnosis and monitoring of infection. Aggressive treatments may reduce viral replication and damage. Nebulised immunoglobulin and corticosteroid in LRTI may improve respiratory function and outcome.
 ...
PMID:Respiratory viral infections in primary immune deficiencies: significance and relevance to clinical outcome in a single BMT unit. 1110 9

There is very high incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in dialysis and renal transplant (RT) recipients in developing countries. Clinical manifestation of TB may be atypical or obscure in initial stages. Common clinical abnormalities include pyrexia, pulmonary infiltrates, exudative pleural effusion, and exudative ascites. Aggressive investigations must be done in patients with pyrexia, pulmonary abnormalities, scanty sputum, and weight loss. BAL and computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest should be done in such cases. Tuberculin skin test is not helpful in the majority of patients. New blood tests to quantitate PPD reactivity in vivo and tests to distinguish between latent M tuberculosis infection from BCG-induced reactivity have been devised recently. Side effects of anti-TB drugs, especially hepatitis, need close observation because of the frequent occurrence of viral hepatitis in such cases. Tests to confirm latent TB are desirable before starting chemoprophylaxis in RT recipients. INH prophylaxis cannot be recommended universally in all RT recipients.
 ...
PMID:Challenge of tuberculosis in renal transplantation. 1744 91