Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:6.2.1.1 (ACS)
 78,556 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The occupational health nurse can be a valuable resource for women by teaching how their bodies work and how female hormones affect their breasts. Nurses who work in primary care should view their role as one of education and advocacy on behalf of the client. Nurses can model a healthy attitude about breast self examination, encouraging women to perform it and to discuss openly their questions and concerns. Women should be encouraged to have mammograms, following ACS guidelines: a baseline mammogram between the ages of 35 and 40, a mammogram every 1 to 2 years between the ages of 40 and 49, and a yearly mammogram after age 50.
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PMID:Educating women about benign breast disease. 231 39

Magnetic resonance imaging was utilized in 18 patients with prostatic cancer and compared with the findings in normal volunteers (Pontes et al., 1985), benign prostatic hyperplasia (Hricak et al., 1983), acute prostatitis (Walsh and Jewett, 1980) and chronic prostatitis (ACS, 1986). Sixteen of the 18 patients with carcinoma demonstrated inhomogeneous signal intensity, however, a similar appearance was also seen in 5 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. It does not appear that magnetic resonance imaging is able to reliably differentiate benign from malignant prostatic disease. Extra-prostatic tumor extension and pelvic adenopathy was demonstrated and the technique offers promise for the pre-operative staging of patients with known prostatic carcinomas.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate. 244 26

The effect of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose on pancreatic exocrine and endocrine function was studied using the isolated perfused pancreata prepared from rats fed a normal (control diet) or an acarbose-containing sucrose- (ACS diet) or glucose-supplemented diet (ACG diet) for 10 days. Pancreatic amylase and insulin contents in rats fed the ACS diet were significantly decreased compared with those in rats with the control diet. Rats fed the ACG diet, however, had normal enzyme and hormone contents. Basal and cerulein-stimulated flow rates of pancreatic juice in rats with the ACS or ACG diet were similar to those in rats fed the control diet, suggesting that the pancreata from rats treated with acarbose have normal sensitivity and responsiveness to cerulein. On the other hand, cerulein-stimulated amylase output was significantly decreased in rats with the ACS diet, but was normal in rats with the ACG diet. Insulin secretion to both glucose and cerulein stimulation in rats fed the ACS diet was reduced by approximately 55% compared with the control rats. On the other hand, rats fed the ACG diet showed normal insulin secretion to glucose stimulation, although the insulin response to cerulein stimulation was reduced by 30%. These results suggest that the addition of acarbose to the sucrose-rich diet decreases the secretory responsiveness of amylase to cerulein stimulation and that of insulin to both glucose and cerulein stimulation. All these alterations, except the sensitivity of B cells to cerulein, can be normalized by replacing sucrose with glucose.
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PMID:Effect of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor on exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function in rats fed a high-carbohydrate diet consisting of sucrose or glucose. 246 25

The physiology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 8066 was studied in glucose-limited chemostat cultures. Below a dilution rate of 0.30 h-1 glucose was completely respired, and biomass and CO2 were the only products formed. Above this dilution rate acetate and pyruvate appeared in the culture fluid, accompanied by disproportional increases in the rates of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. This enhanced respiratory activity was accompanied by a drop in cell yield from 0.50 to 0.47 g (dry weight) g of glucose-1. At a dilution rate of 0.38 h-1 the culture reached its maximal oxidation capacity of 12 mmol of O2 g (dry weight)-1 h-1. A further increase in the dilution rate resulted in aerobic alcoholic fermentation in addition to respiration, accompanied by an additional decrease in cell yield from 0.47 to 0.16 g (dry weight) g of glucose-1. Since the high respiratory activity of the yeast at intermediary dilution rates would allow for full respiratory metabolism of glucose up to dilution rates close to mumax, we conclude that the occurrence of alcoholic fermentation is not primarily due to a limited respiratory capacity. Rather, organic acids produced by the organism may have an uncoupling effect on its respiration. As a result the respiratory activity is enhanced and reaches its maximum at a dilution rate of 0.38 h-1. An attempt was made to interpret the dilution rate-dependent formation of ethanol and acetate in glucose-limited chemostat cultures of S. cerevisiae CBS 8066 as an effect of overflow metabolism at the pyruvate level. Therefore, the activities of pyruvate decarboxylase, NAD+- and NADP+-dependent acetaldehyde dehydrogenases, acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) synthetase, and alcohol dehydrogenase were determined in extracts of cells grown at various dilution rates. From the enzyme profiles, substrate affinities, and calculated intracellular pyruvate concentrations, the following conclusions were drawn with respect to product formation of cells growing under glucose limitation. (i) Pyruvate decarboxylase, the key enzyme of alcoholic fermentation, probably already is operative under conditions in which alcoholic fermentation is absent. The acetaldehyde produced by the enzyme is then oxidized via acetaldehyde dehydrogenases and acetyl-CoA synthetase. The acetyl-CoA thus formed is further oxidized in the mitochondria. (ii) Acetate formation results from insufficient activity of acetyl-CoA synthetase, required for the complete oxidation of acetate. Ethanol formation results from insufficient activity of acetaldehyde dehydrogenases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Enzymic analysis of the crabtree effect in glucose-limited chemostat cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 256 99

In Methanothrix soehngenii, acetate is activated to acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) by an acetyl-CoA synthetase. Cell extracts contained high activities of adenylate kinase and pyrophosphatase, but no activities of a pyrophosphate:AMP and pyrophosphate:ADP phosphotransferase, indicating that the activation of 1 acetate in Methanothrix requires 2 ATP. Acetyl-CoA synthetase was purified 22-fold in four steps to apparent homogeneity. The native molecular mass of the enzyme from M. soehngenii estimated by gel filtration was 148 kilodaltons (kDa). The enzyme was composed of two subunits with a molecular mass of 73 kDa in an alpha 2 oligomeric structure. The acetyl-CoA synthetase constituted up to 4% of the soluble cell protein. At the optimum pH of 8.5, the Vmax was 55 mumol of acetyl-CoA formed per min per mg of protein. Analysis of enzyme kinetic properties revealed a Km of 0.86 mM for acetate and 48 microM for coenzyme A. With varying amounts of ATP, weak sigmoidal kinetic was observed. The Hill plot gave a slope of 1.58 +/- 0.12, suggesting two interacting substrate sites for the ATP. The kinetic properties of the acetyl-CoA synthetase can explain the high affinity for acetate of Methanothrix soehngenii.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase from Methanothrix soehngenii. 257 8

1. Comparative data are presented of the activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and acetyl-CoA synthetase and of the acetate content in homogenates from ventral grey matter in spinal cord from cows and two non-ruminant species, pigs and horses. The methods used in the study are evaluated and discussed. 2. The total pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity was 24.9-29.9 mU/mg protein and did not differ between the species. The part of the complex that was in active form at the sampling occasion was 60, 85 and 95% in cows, pigs and horses, respectively. 3. Acetyl-CoA synthetase activity differed significantly between the species and was 0.93, 1.28 and 2.61 mU/mg protein in pigs, cows and horses, respectively. The highest cytosolic activity was found in the horses. Acetate concentration at half maximal reaction velocity (at saturating CoA and ATP levels) was found to be 0.15-0.70 mM and did not differ between the species. 4. Acetate content was 63, 83 and 96 micrograms/g wet wt in cows, horses and pigs, respectively. 5. It is concluded that there seems to be no striking difference in acetyl-CoA synthesis in peripheral nerves between ruminants and non-ruminant species.
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PMID:A comparative study on acetyl-CoA synthesising enzymes in spinal cord from cows, horses and pigs. 257 76

A naturalistic study was performed on 44 schizophrenic outpatients diagnosed according to DSM III-R and presenting neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal side-effects. All patients had been treated continuously for the previous 10-12 weeks with haloperidol (HL) combined with orphenadrine (ORD). The dosages of HL and ORD remained unchanged for at least four weeks before the evaluations. All patients were assessed for depressive features (HRS-D), extrapyramidal (EPSE) and anticholinergic (ACS check list) side-effects. The plasma levels of ORD and its metabolite tofenacine (TOF) were determined by gas chromatography. There was a positive relationship between HRS-D and EPSE total scores, while there was a negative relationship between age and EPSE total scores. No relationship between the administered dose and plasma levels of ORD was found. The HL daily dose (mg/kg), ORD plasma levels and the TOF/ORD plasma level ratio seem to influence significantly the severity of residual extrapyramidal side-effects.
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PMID:Residual neuroleptic-induced parkinsonian symptoms in schizophrenia. A naturalistic study with orphenadrine. 261 35

The authors examined a 2-month-old infant with clinical signs of Pfeiffer's syndrome (craniosynostosis, abnormalities of the extremities, normal psychomotor development). In the family other affected cases were revealed with a variable expressivity of the clinical signs. The authors draw attention to the importance of a detailed clinical, X-ray and anthropometric examination of different members of the family to detect carriership of the gene for ACS.
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PMID:[Pfeiffer's syndrome]. 263 58

1) In 1986 20 states are designating trauma centers. 2) ACS guidelines appear to be the accepted standard. 3) Almost all of the states providing designation retain the power of final designation but allow individual hospitals to initiate the process. 4) Designation is usually based on actual capability and frequently requires a site visit team in which surgeons and emergency medicine physicians play a prominent role. 5) Designation appears to be for a finite period of time but half of the states do not provide for de-designation. 6) A national mandate is necessary for timely and uniform implementation of trauma center designation.
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PMID:Status of trauma center designation. 272 73

Generation of oxygen free radicals at the time of reperfusion has been implicated as a major causative factor for myocardial reperfusion injury. In order to examine if oxygen free radical scavenger superoxide dismutase (SOD) in human plasma prevent reperfusion injury with successful thrombolysis and limit infarct size, we studied the relationship between infarct size and plasma SOD activity in 25 patients received thrombolytic therapy in antero-septal acute myocardial infarction. Plasma SOD activities were measured by the nitrate method. There was no variance in plasma SOD activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction before and after thrombolysis. Infarct size was evaluated by using % abnormally contracting segments (% ACS) correlation with % ACS (r = -0.58, p less than 0.05) in 17 patients with successful thrombolysis. This significant correlation was still shown in 14 patients without collaterals before recanalization (r = -0.56, p less than 0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant relationship between plasma SOD activities and % ACS in 8 patients with a complete occlusion after thrombolysis (r = -0.081). These results showed that human plasma SOD prevent the reperfusion injury and limit the infarct size in patients with successful thrombolysis and imply that the generation of free radical at the time of reperfusion results in myocardial reperfusion injury.
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PMID:Human plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity on reperfusion injury with successful thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. 273 45


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